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Design
Published in Miroslav Popovic, Communication Protocol Engineering, 2018
Obviously, a test case running on a test system must be able to communicate with a SUT in order to test it. Generally, TTCN-3 supports two types of communication among test cases and SUTs, namely message-based communication and procedure-based communication. Since message-based communication is still dominantly used, we focus on it in this book. Normally, we use the TTCN-3 type record to define needed message types. A record is an ordered structured type, which is a collection of basic type elements (such as integer and charstring) and other structured type elements that correspond to individual message fields. Many message types comprise a field that defines the kind of the message, and such a field is typically defined using the TTCN-3 type enumerated.
Introduction to Algorithms and Data Structures
Published in Sriraman Sridharan, R. Balakrishnan, Foundations of Discrete Mathematics with Algorithms and Programming, 2019
Sriraman Sridharan, R. Balakrishnan
Each variable/node in the above figure consists of two fields: The integer field and the pointer field. Such a variable can be defined in Pascal by using the construction called “Record,” and in the language C it is defined by means of the construction called “struct” (structure). Its mathematical counterpart is the Cartesian product. An array is an aggregate of homogeneous data elements whereas a record or structure is an aggregate of possibly heterogeneous data elements. In other words, it is a group of variables which are individually accessed by their field names. The field names are usually not integers as is the case with the arrays. This allows us to use intuitive names for the fields.
On the automated learning of air pollution prediction models from data collected by mobile sensor networks
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Pedro Mariano, Susana Marta Almeida, Pedro Santana
Before creating the time series that was used to build the prediction model, the OpenSense data was checked for mistakes, outliers, or invalid values. A set of 44 records were found to be outside the places reached by trams. There is one record with a negative particle diameter value. In (Fierz et al. 2011), the authors discuss the performance of the sensors used to collect the OpenSense data. They mention that for particles larger than 250 nm the sensor readings are not reliable. This lead us to exclude sensor readings whose particle diameter were greater than 250 nm. This condition only excludes 13,654 records from the time series creation. Examining the box plots of the sensor readings excluding the aforementioned data, it is possible to see that there are still outliers. A possible solution to remove these outliers would be to filter out sensor readings that are located above the third quartile plus 1.5 times the inter quartile range (computed in the original data). However, this procedure would exclude around 6%, 3.1%, and 5.2% records considering only the number of particles, particle diameter, and LDSA, respectively. In alternative, we opted to exclude records whose number of particles value is greater than 1000000, which is a higher threshold than the inter quartile range criteria. This condition only excludes 2565 records. Combining all the conditions, a total of 16,263 records were discarded for the time-series creation.
EDM of high aspect ratio micro-holes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by synchronizing energy interactions
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2020
Ramver Singh, Akshay Dvivedi, Pradeep Kumar
The investigation has been executed on a three-axis CNC EDM machine (Excetek; ED30 C) equipped with a transistor-based pulse generator. The commercially available hydrocarbon-based EDM-oil (“Spark erosion oil 450”) was used as the dielectric fluid. The dielectric oil was flooded co-axially at a fixed pressure to ensure the continual and effective replenishment of the dielectric medium. Fig. 1 shows a pictograph of the experimental facility. The Ti-6Al-4 V alloy work samples with dimensions of 20 × 5 × 10 mm in length, width, and thickness, respectively, were selected as work material. The state of spark discharges was monitored and recorded with the help of a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO; Keysight, DSOX3034 T) by using a standard 10x voltage probe. The DSO was furnished with a data storage device to record the spark discharge waveforms. A high-speed camera (Phantom, Miro) was employed to monitor and record the dynamics of gas bubbles and debris. Thereby, the progress of the material removal phenomenon during the EDM of high AR micro-holes was investigated electrically as well as physically. The geometrical features of the micro-EDMed holes were measured by utilizing a microscope (Nikon, SMZ745 T). The machined micro-holes were sectioned along the longitudinal axis to characterize the morphology of the EDMed surface using an FE-SEM (Carl Zeiss, Ultra-plus). Then, the sectioned holes were polished using the abrasive papers (up to P2000) and subsequently etched in Kroll’s reagent to expose the recast layer from the bulk material. An image analysis software package (ImageJ™) was utilized to measure the average thickness and diameter of the recast layer (RCL) and debris particles, respectively, from the FE-SEM micrographs of the corresponding zones.
Application of sustainable computing based advanced intelligent power electronic technology for smart grid systems
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2021
Zhi Yuan, Weiqing Wang, Shan He
where and denote the frequency and voltage amplitude. The influence for the performance can be summarized as the following issues. Non-periodic attenuation DC component, fault point transition resistance and peer system impedance, and line distribution capacitance. The single-ended ranging algorithm in the system adopts filtering to eliminate the DC component of the period, considers the influence of the transition resistance, and uses the compensation technique to then eliminate the influence of the distributed capacitance, which greatly improves the accuracy of the single-ended ranging. In this article uses the sagging control PET and the traditional use sagging control invertor differs from, the traditional invertor only then an output port, enables many invertor through the sagging control to be possible to coordinate moves, but PET is the multiple port installment, each port connection different power distribution network, when movement needs to coordinate each port the power output, and the guarantee entire installment transmission power is balanced. The NN-based LUBE method directly outputs the high and low limits of the prediction interval without any data distribution assumptions; the neural network input is determined by the correlation analysis. Steady-state recording makes the data capacity that the system needs to record soar, and large data storage requires long storage time. Solving the time delay caused by data storage is the first problem to be considered in the steady-state record of the system. On the basis of the PET global multi-port transmission model, energy distribution between ports is realized through PET control. As a ‘bridge’ connecting the AC/DC distribution network with different voltage levels, the DC port undertakes the task of energy distribution among different voltage levels. The simplified DIHAPF system is a linear steady system. The necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of a linear stationary system is that the characteristic roots of the system are located in the left half of the complex plane. Therefore, according to whether the characteristic roots of the open-loop transfer function of the DIHAPF system are all located in the left half plane of the S-domain, it can be judged whether the DIHAPF system is stable. Accordingly, in Figure 3, we present the power electronic technology development trend [22,23].