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Setting the scene
Published in Lochner Marais, The Social Impacts of Mine Closure in South Africa, 2023
Evolutionary governance theory draws on other theories, such as biological evolutionary theory, social systems theory, actor-network theory, post-structuralism and new institutional economics (Van Assche et al., 2014). A contribution from the field of biology is the concept of autopoiesis (self-creation) (Maturana & Varela, 1972; King, 1993; Von Krogh & Roos, 1995). Transferred from the natural to the social sciences, this concept has proven useful for studying social systems, such as informal settlements in mining areas (Marais et al., 2022b). Evolutionary governance theory also draws on Foucault’s ideas about discourse analysis and power (Foucault, 1982), seeing the evolution of policies as an effect of power relations. Evolutionary governance theory resembles more recent theories on network governance and has become a dominant approach to governance studies (Klijn, 2008). Many of its ideas are relevant to the topics in this book, such as its view of governance as changing or evolving, its emphasis on non-linearity between cause and effect or between two elements in a system and its focus on the co-evolution of governance (policy seen as resulting from the interaction between the actors in the decision-making process). Evolutionary governance theory occupies the middle ground between theories of social engineering and theories of free market economies. It provides a direct link between governance and politics.
Contending Philosophical Frameworks Within Artificial Intelligence
Published in Alessio Plebe, Pietro Perconti, The Future of the Artificial Mind, 2021
Alessio Plebe, Pietro Perconti
There is a source of theoretical inspiration for AI that does not have, even remotely, the solid foundations of empiricism or rationalism; however, it has had some fortune with AI and cognitive science as well. Most of the influence in AI derives from the idea of self-organization, a notion that recurs in a variety of scientific fields. In the context of relevance for AI and cognitive science, a philosophical ground for self-organization is given by the concept of autopoiesis.
Cybernetics and battle management system (BMS) in network soldier system application
Published in Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering, 2023
Aleksandar Seizovic, David Thorpe, Steven Goh, Lucas Skoufer
In the Journal of Socio-cybernetics 11 (2013), pp. 47–73 51, by Mancilla, the cybernetics orders are defined and quoted: 1st order – Self-consciousness is the point of transition between lower and human cognition. The latter can be understood as the processing of information made by an autopoietic system in its interaction with its surroundings with the possibility of stating a purpose beyond self-sustainment.2nd order – order cybernetics deals with the study of self-observing systems, which are both teleological and teleonomical; it studies cognitive machines and information processing mechanisms of the higher order that have their basis within the neural network of human beings.3rd order – Rationality can be individual, group and social. They can interact and be at odds with each other when the latter happens there is a cognitive dissonance.4th order – Hermeneutics from a cybernetic perspective can be seen from the perspective of patterns (order), proportions (balance) and the functional implementation of both (harmony).5th order – Cognitive coherence encompasses both an aspect of order (pattern establishment/viability of the system/teleonomy) and of balance (proportion of the pattern/optimality of the system/teleology).6th order – Constructive epistemology states that knowledge is not passively received but actively constructed.7th order – Cognitive morphogenesis is the study of how forms of human behaviour originate; it can be applied to third- and fourth-order cybernetics.8th order – Rationality and Languages are complements, the former is developed by the capacity of symbol creation and abstraction, but the latter could not subsist without thought coherence.9th order – Sociocybernetics can be defined as the interplay between third- and fourth-order cybernetics for the purpose of understanding human behaviour in an individual and collective scale, with first and second cybernetics functioning as complements.