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Digital Printing
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Principles of Textile Printing, 2023
3D printing is the process of creating three-dimensional objects through joining or solidifying material under computerized control. In this process, a computer-aided design is converted into a 3D object by printing the material layer by layer and joining them in the form of a cohesive object. This technology is being extensively used both in prototyping and additive manufacturing.
Conventional and 3D Printing Technology for the Manufacturing of Metal-Matrix Composite
Published in Suneev Anil Bansal, Virat Khanna, Pallav Gupta, Metal Matrix Composites, 2023
Rakesh Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Mohit Kumar, Gaurav Luthra
3D printing plays a major role in distinct applications. Other applications, including human organ printing, are yet to be explored. Although 3D printing provides several advantages to manufacturers (cost savings, customization, fast design, product optimization of design, and the ability to manufacture complex geometrical shapes, etc.). However, there are still some threats to adopting 3D printing (high printing machine cost, sustainability, availability, and material cost. Hence a lot of research is needed on its processes, materials, and use of 3D printing.
Aluminum-Manufacturing Methods
Published in Raghu Echempati, Primer on Automotive Lightweighting Technologies, 2021
3D printing is a type of additive manufacturing and is another vast subject area [29, 30]. Additive manufacturing is a manufacturing method in which the material is added layer by layer by using data from a three-dimensional model (Figure 4.33). This process builds the final part from the bottom up or top-down instead of machining away material to make the desired features. Research is being done in the 3D printing field in order to manufacture industrial applications using metals like steel or aluminum instead of resin or thermoplastics. Some advantages of 3D printing are that it is economical to own, 3D printers can be operated in offices, labs, home, etc., and printing machines accept digital inputs from solid modeled parts and creates solid 3D parts and easily makes prototypes for proof on concept uses. Schematic representation of the 3D printing technique, also known as fused filament fabrication is shown in Figure 4.34. In this process, a filament (shown as a) in the figure) of plastic material is fed through a heated moving head b) that melts and extrudes it depositing it, layer after layer, in the desired shape (shown at position c) in the fiure). A moving platform e) lowers after each layer is deposited. For this kind of technology additional vertical support structures d) are needed to sustain overhanging parts.
Effect of surface texture on the mechanical performance of bonded joints: a review
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2023
Nidhal Naat, Yasmina Boutar, Sami Naïmi, Salah Mezlini, Lucas Filipe Martins Da Silva
In additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology, the part is built by adding material layer by layer until the product is completed. There are different AM approaches, such as fused deposition modelling (FDM), stereolithography (SL) and selective laser sintering (SLS). The 3D printing technology has several advantages, including the manufacture of complex structures, lightness of the structure, waste reduction, rapid prototyping and a high degree of design freedom (very complex parts can be manufactured without additional cost or delay). However, this process is still limited by the small working volume of the AM machines and a relatively modest production rate compared to classic manufacturing processes. Therefore, the AM process has a practical application in the manufacture of complex and highly optimized components with limited size, which are assembled into larger structures.[147] Thus, by smart mixing the adhesive bonding technology and the AM process, it will be possible to fully exploit the AM technique, increase its scope and improve the performance of the adhesive-bonded joints.[148,149]
Aspects of 3D printed drugs
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2020
Debojit Bhattacharjee, Vivek Srivastava
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a method in which materials including plastics, metals, composites, polymers, liquids and even tissue cells, are created by melting or depositing into layers for the development of 3D models under computer control, it is also referred as additive manufacturing. Such structures may be of almost any shape or configuration and are constructed from a 3D model as represented in the CAD [1]. The 3D printing process was first developed in the 1980s, and ever since 3D printing has been used in many areas, such as engineering, medical centre, the food industry and recently in drug research and development [2]. Despite the pharmaceutical industry shifting from industrial manufacturing into customised medication, 3D printing has now become a part of the development process for medications, as the potential output promises of on-demand printed drugs, to customised doses, with increased productivity and cost-effectiveness, and for the first time in 2015 USFDA had already approved 3D printed drugs [3]. Throughout the healthcare industry, 3D printing is anticipated to be extremely revolutionary. Main advantages of 3D printing are the development of tiny quantities of medicines each with a personalised dose, form, scale and delivery characteristics. In addition, the manufacture of drugs in this way would render the notion of personalised medicines a possibility. In the shorter term, 3D printing may be applied in the product discovery cycle, from pre-clinical research and clinical trials to front-line patient treatment.
Involvement of the open-source community in combating the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic: a review
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2020
John Scott Frazer, Amelia Shard, James Herdman
The rapidly developing field of 3D printing lends itself well to rapid and low-cost prototyping, point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies, and even replacement of single use components such as attachments for masks and ventilators [3]. The three most common forms of 3D printing are: fused deposition modelling (FDM), in which plastic filament is melted and extruded through a nozzle moved in a pattern to build up layers; stereolithography apparatus (SLA), in which a photopolymer resin is exposed to light in a pattern using an LCD screen or a LASER, to polymerise the liquid resin in layers to form a solid part; selective laser sintering (SLS), in which a metallic powder is sintered together using a high-powered LASER moved in a pattern. The FDM and SLA approaches are those most commonly available to hobbyists and non-specialists. We review the role of the collaborative and open-source community in developing innovative solutions to the evolving global pandemic.