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Sustainable Energy and Environmental Outlook: Indian Perspective
Published in Asif Muhammad, Energy and Environmental Outlook for South Asia, 2020
The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) – India has distinctively shown its commitments toward climate change and its adaptation and mitigation strategies by announcing the release of India's first comprehensive report outlining existing and future policies and programs addressing climate mitigation and adaptation. Every state of India made its contribution via its State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC) which presented the ground level problems associated with climate change in a particular geographical area. The NAPCC identifies measures that promote development objectives while also yielding to co-benefits for addressing climate change effectively and pledges that India's per capita GHG emissions will at no point exceed those of developed countries even in pursuing development objectives. The NAPCC identifies eight core National Missions for the country:National Solar MissionNational Mission for Enhanced Energy EfficiencyNational Mission on Sustainable HabitatNational Water MissionNational Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan EcosystemNational Mission for a “Green India”National Mission for Sustainable AgricultureNational Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
CO2 Emissions, Financial Development, and Renewable Energy Consumption (REC)
Published in Om Prakash Jena, Sudhansu Shekhar Patra, Mrutyunjaya Panda, Zdzislaw Polkowski, S. Balamurugan, Industrial Transformation, 2022
Van Chien Nguyen, Thu Thuy Nguyen
Regarding CO2 consumption in the region, China, India and Japan are the leading CO2 consumers with average values of 5374648 kt, 1218670 kt and 1189878 kt, respectively. Especially, the maximum value of CO2 consumption of China was 10.3 × 106 kt. Reasonably, China and India are the two countries whose populations are the largest. After 2007, polluting industries in China continued to receive resources such as water, land, oil, electricity, banking, while some market-oriented measures, for example, fuel surcharges and coal were not reviewed by Chinese government even though they had been shown to be successful in some other economies. However, the Chinese government's effort in improving the environment situation is helping China to reduce CO2 emissions these days. India is one of those countries which is most damaged by climate change. The main reason for CO2 emission in India is from people's daily life. Kitchen smoke, which includes black carbon, is a leading driver of environmental pollution. The fact is that India continuously depends on burning coal to generate electricity for millions of poor households in the country. An enormous amount of household waste is repeatedly burned overnight. Besides, dust generated from projects of industrial construction spread throughout the cities is also out of control. Increasing production and consumption without controlling emissions treatment and exploitation of natural resources (coal, iron ore…) are also contributing to climate change in India. Japan, one of the major economies in Asia and the world, is extremely lacking in natural resources. As the fifth largest carbon emitter in the world, Japan has set up a target of 26% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 2013 levels, and, Japan ratified the Paris Agreement 2015 to prevent climate change. Japan is the leading country in the region in consuming fossil fuel energy. Japan significantly lacks domestic reserves of fossil fuels except for coal, and has to import large quantities of natural gas, crude oil and other energy sources, including uranium. Population growth is another factor related to the environment issue. Some under-developed Asian countries such as Pakistan, Philippines, Cambodia and Bangladesh are countries with high population growth. In general, with a large population and a rapidly aging rate, Asia is facing many problems with economic growth, labor shortage and difficulties in social welfare. Although Asia has rich resources and biodiversity, rapid population growth leads to a shortage of resources and destruction of existing resources. Many countries with high rates of population growth are low-income countries, which are less able to handle resources and resource pressures. In general, the majority of the working-age population in Asia work in conditions of scarce resources, outdated technology and unsafe environments. Among studied countries, Malaysia has the highest PC at 95.05% on average, followed by Japan (84.19%) and South Korea (83.7%).
Drivers and critical paths of carbon emissions in India: a structural path decomposition analysis
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2022
Arun Kumar Dwivedi, Archana Soni
Energy use is one of the greatest anthropogenic contributors to climate change, and India accounts for a significant and increasing amount of energy-related emissions. It is the third-largest economy based on purchasing power parity and will soon have the world’s largest population. Propelled by the rapid economic growth in the 21st century, energy consumption has already doubled from the 2000 level. It has become the third-largest emitter of CO2 after China and the USA. Yet 68% of the population of India is energy poor (Faizan and Thakur 2022). The next 20 years will be very critical as during this period, the development of infrastructure in India will be more than that of any other economy in the world. This makes it the ideal time for the implementation of policies for sustainable development. The World Energy Outlook 2021ʹs special report on India aptly describes the situation in the statement; ‘All roads to successful global clean energy transitions go via India’ (IEA 2021).
Analysing the impact of various incentives on solar tariff in India
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2022
Abhishek Sharma, Priya Mahajan, Rachana Garg
The growth of the solar PV market also brings economic and technical challenges to the grid due to the diurnal and stochastic nature of solar energy. This requires a revolutionary change in modern power systems development, which needs to incorporate better energy storage, intelligent communication networks, power electronic converters, demand response, and advanced controllers (Lai et al. 2017). Not many countries in the world are as susceptible to the effects of climate change as India, owing to its large agriculture-dependent population, its vast coastal lines, and the presence of the Himalayan region and islands, and this effect has become more pronounced due to rapid depletion of the ozone layer. Even today, coal is a predominant source of power generation and, therefore, a major source of carbon dioxide emissions in India. Solar energy holds great potential for providing a solution to the long-standing energy issues continuously faced by developing countries (Singh, Sood, and Deepak 2019). The everlasting search for achieving energy security through clean and sustainable energy source for a country like India can be best answered through the sun’s energy that is abundantly available and also offers many benefits over the conventional energy sources, including no carbon dioxide production, a low impact on the environment and climate, no global warming emission, improved public health, in-exhaustive, and vast energy supply, creating more job opportunity, stability in energy prices, more resilient and reliable energy sources, etc. (Dawn et al. 2016).