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Concrete Arch Bridges
Published in Hulya Sonmez Schaap, Köpriyet: Republican Heritage Bridges of Turkey, 2023
Stone arches were formed by voussoirs laid on a curved formwork and locked at the crown by a keystone. The stones are in some cases connected by clamps which were usually formed by pouring molten lead into a preformed hole. As soon as the arch shape is self-sustained and the thrusts are properly resisted at the skewbacks, the bridge stands. However, as well described by Da Vinci “an arch is nothing other than a strength caused by two weaknesses”,1 so meaning that the arch bridge is only stable after it is completed. Therefore, the arch structure must be entirely supported during the whole construction process.
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Published in Les Goring, Residential Surveying Matters and Building Terminology, 2023
Arch bricks (technically named voussoirs): These are tapered (wedge-shaped traditionally by hand) bricks used to form traditional arch shapes. The tapered (in situ) brick-shapes and the underside (intrados) of such arches radiate from geometric centre points.
Seismic Performances of Different Spandrel Wall Strengthening Techniques in Masonry Arch Bridges
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2021
Alemdar Bayraktar, Emin Hökelekli
There are four failure modes for the spandrel walls such as rotation or tilting, bulging, sliding and cracked arch ring as shown in Figure 1. It can be seen from Figure 1 that tilting failure is the forward rotation of the spandrel wall; bulging failure is the bulging or distortion of the spandrel wall; sliding failure is the lateral movement or oversailing of the spandrel wall above the arch barrel; and cracked arch ring failure is a longitudinal crack within the arch barrel, located below the spandrel wall Gibson and Wilkins (2012). Tilting and bulging failures can be relevant to all masonry arch bridges but in particular those structures with significant cover above the arch barrel. Sliding failure can be relevant to all masonry arch bridges and is characterized by the lateral displacement of brickwork above the arch barrel. The sliding failure can also occur by the lateral displacement of brickwork within the arch face ring. Cracked arch ring failure can be relevant to all masonry arch bridges but in particular those structures with a material change between the voussoir and the arch barrel Gibson and Wilkins (2012). Some views from spandrel wall failures under earthquake forces are shown in Figure 2.
Influence of the backfill parameters in distinct element modelling of a backfill masonry arch bridge through the PFC2D software
Published in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2022
Felipe García Gómez, José Antonio Martínez Martínez, Luis María García Castillo
The basic idea of the arch bridge is the arrangement of stone elements called voussoirs with an arch geometry that leads to internal compression forces, exerted on a voussoir against a voussoir, perpendicular to the joints and compressing them uniformly, bringing the loads to the foundation. If the internal pressure line caused by a given state of charge passes through the traced arch, we are facing a stable arch. Further explanation of this phenomena can be found in the works of (Heyman 1995) and Sejourné (1913–1916).
Revisiting Monasterio’s Unpublished Manuscript: A Critical Review of the Collapse Modes Analysis of Non-Symmetric and Symmetric Masonry Arches
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2020
Consider now Figure 10a. The voussoir N’M’Mi Ni is divided by the x-axis into two parts: the first, N’M’AB, whose weight is M’ and the second, BAMiNi, whose weight is Mi. By denoting as M” the weight associated to the portion of the arch N”M”AB, the weight of voussoir N”M”M’N’ is equal to (M”–M’).