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Introduction
Published in Burt G. Look, Earthworks, 2023
Figure 1.4-2 illustrates the typical ground stratigraphy for transported soils and underlying residual soils. It would be incorrect to classify any soil origin as uniform. An alluvial soil may have an upper, middle, or lower alluvium, which may be firm clay, loose sand, or stiff clay, respectively. A geotechnical model attempts to classify each uniform material as a distinct stratigraphic unit for analysis purposes. However, each unit may have a different geological origin.
Geoheritage importance of stratigraphic type sections, type localities and reference sites—review, discussion and protocols for geoconservation
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2019
M. Brocx, C. Brown, V. Semeniuk
In the stratigraphic sciences, a stratigraphic type section (or the broader ‘type locality’ or a ‘type area’) provides the type example of what constitutes and defines a particular formation (Hedberg, 1976). It is an important aspect of stratigraphic geology in that type sections provide a standard as to what is meant by a defined stratigraphic unit (viz., a formation, a member, or group) and provides a reference place, a teaching locality and benchmark for future researchers and students. As such, when established, it is intended that type sections can be visited by researchers and students to calibrate and compare their concept of a defined formation—they can be referred to when identifying a stratigraphic unit elsewhere or re-studied when a better definition is required (Donovan, 1966), or new techniques for study become available. Type sections as geological sites are equivalent to type species in the biological sciences. If type species are decisively protected in museums, herbaria or established institutions such as universities because of their importance to defining a particular taxon, then type sections would benefit from equivalent protection.
Probabilistic 3D modelling of shallow soil spatial variability using dynamic cone penetrometer results and a geostatistical method
Published in Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards, 2021
C. Sastre Jurado, P. Breul, C. Bacconnet, M. Benz-Navarrete
The identification of physically homogeneous stratigraphic units is an important phase for site characterisation. Nevertheless, soil homogeneity is an ambiguous concept since it may be assessed in terms of composition or mechanical behaviour, because soils which may be considered as homogeneous in terms of mechanical properties may not be so in terms of composition and vice-versa. Furthermore, soil homogeneity is always linked to the final purpose of the geotechnical analysis.