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Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium
Published in Richard C. Dorf, The Engineering Handbook, 2018
It is instructive to peruse the various classifications of hydrology [Singh, 1993, 1997a]. By definition, hydrology can be classified as physical hydrology, chemical hydrology, or biological hydrology; as water quantity hydrology or water quality hydrology; as surface-water hydrology or subsurface hydrology. Depending on the type of watershed for which the study of water is undertaken, it can be classified as agricultural hydrology, forest hydrology, urban hydrology, mountainous hydrology, desert hydrology, wetlands hydrology, or coastal hydrology. Considering the form of water or where water occurs predominantly, this study can be classified as snow hydrology, ice and glacier hydrology, atmospheric hydrology, or lake hydrology. Depending on the particular emphasis on land phase or channel phase, it can be classified as watershed hydrology or river hydrology. Hydrology is also classified based on the tools employed for investigation of hydrologic systems. Parametric hydrology, theoretical hydrology, mathematical hydrology, statistical hydrology, probabilistic hydrology, stochastic hydrology, systems hydrology, and digital hydrology form this classification. The various classifications of hydrology are useful in that they point to its scope and the range of techniques and scales employed in its study.
Climate change impacts on snow and streamflow drought regimes in four ecoregions of British Columbia
Published in Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 2021
Jennifer R. Dierauer, D. M. Allen, P. H. Whitfield
The response of snow hydrology to climate warming is non-linear, and catchments with winter temperatures near 0 °C exhibit substantially larger impacts from +2 °C of warming compared to catchments with winter temperatures far below 0 °C. The shift toward more frequent and more severe temperature-related snow droughts will decrease water availability during the summer for agricultural and industrial uses – potentially leading to decreased freshwater supply security, and the increased frequency of warm snow droughts will likely lead to an increased frequency of mid-winter melt events that will affect reservoir management. Changes in the low flow regimes driven by a warming climate will affect the ecology of river systems.