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Land
Published in Cameron La Follette , Chris Maser, Sustainability and the Rights of Nature, 2017
Cameron La Follette , Chris Maser
For example, declining and dead trees account for much of the ongoing diversity of ecological processes within a forest, processes that are largely hidden from sight and continually changing; processes that often require decades or centuries to complete, such as the addition of vital organic material to the soil. In turn, declining and dead trees, both standing as snags and fallen, are important habitat over time for a changing clientele of plants, as well as invertebrate and vertebrate animals.
Wildlife Population and Habitat Management Practices
Published in Malchus B. Baker, Peter F. Ffolliott, Leonard F. DeBano, Daniel G. Neary, Riparian Areas of the Southwestern United States, 2003
Peter F. Ffolliott, Carlton M. Jones, Wendy D. Jones
Snags provide nesting and roosting habitats for cavity-nesting birds such as the violet-green swallow, pygmy nuthatch, western bluebird (Sialia mexicana), mountain chickadee, white-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), brown creeper (Certhia jamiliaris) and house wren (Troglodytes aedon).35-38 Some birds use snags as hawking sites, singing or drumming posts and perching and observational posts. Living trees with dead tops should be left for nesting and roosting sites and future snag replacement.
Bottomland Hardwood Forests: Their Functions and Values
Published in James G. Gosselink, Lyndon C. Lee, Thomas A. Muir, Ecological Processes and Cumulative Impacts, 2020
Jan R. Taylor, Milady A. Cardamone, William J. Mitsch
Bottomland hardwood wetlands are important to many species of fish and wildlife. They provide food, cover, and water and are vegetatively diverse. As an interface ecosystem between aquatic and terrestrial systems, riparian forested wetlands contain a large proportion of ecotone. This area illustrates the classic “edge effect” with high species abundance and diversity. Brinson et al. (1981b) discussed four ecological attributes of riparian systems that are important to fish and wildlife: Predominance of woody plant communities – In regions where agricultural conversions are heavy (e.g. the Lower Mississippi River basin), remaining tracts of bottomland hardwoods are especially important as refugia for many species. Living trees and shrubs provide food and shelter for birds and other animals, and standing dead timber and snags are also important as habitat for many terrestrial and aquatic animals. Stream shading, bank stabilization, and input of allochthonous organics are all important to the aquatic community.Presence of surface water and abundant soil moisture – The stream that defines the bottomland hardwood forest ecosystem provides food, protection, and breeding areas. During flooding, the bottomland itself becomes a feeding and spawning area for fish and a staging area for migratory waterfowl.Diversity and interspersion of habitat features – Bottomland hardwoods provide a diversity of habitats related primarily to hydrologic characteristics. A soil moisture gradient from permanently inundated in zone II to infrequently flooded in zone VI creates numerous microhabitats for a variety of fish and wildlife.Corridors for dispersal and migration – Because bottomland forests line streams, they are essentially linear in nature. This increases the relative proportion of ecotone and intensifies the edge effect. The vegetative cover provides protection for animal movement up and down stream.
Hydrological perturbations drive rapid shifts in phytoplankton biodiversity and population dynamics in Butte Lake (Lassen Volcanic National Park, California)
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2018
Butte Lake is a remnant of a larger lake that was partly filled and divided by lava flows during the eruption of the Cinder Cone ∼348 yr ago (A.D. 1666; Clynne et al. 2000). Butte Lake is supplied by water seeping beneath the Fantastic Lava Beds from Snag Lake, which was formed when the Painted Dunes lava flow (Cinder Cone) blocked Grassy Creek, a stream draining the central highland of LAVO (Clynne et al. 2000). Diatoms are abundant in modern Butte Lake, and the precursor Butte Lake also appears to have been productive with abundant diatom taxa, determined by the presence of diatomite found along the margins of the Fantastic Lava Beds and above the high-water elevation of the modern lake along the southeastern lake shore (Clynne et al. 2000). Previous surveys of Butte and other LAVO lakes, summarized in Hoffman et al. (2005), have provided limited physical and chemical characteristics and recorded the presence of fish, aquatic invertebrates, and amphibians. However, this is the first known investigation of Butte Lake that includes phytoplankton.