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Carbon Sequestration and Sustainable Forest Management: Common Aspects and Assessment Procedures
Published in Roger A. Sedjo, R. Neil Sampson, Joe Wisniewski, in Forestry, 2020
Catrinus J. Jepma, Sten Nilsson, Masahiro Amano, Yamil Bonduki, Lars Lönnstedt, Jayant Sathaye, Tom Wilson
A similar discussion relates to the sustainable management concept; with regard to this point, however, there is a need to distinguish between forest categories — primary forests, secondary forests, plantations, conversion forests, agroforestry, etc. Clearly, the degree to which sustainability is compatible with forest exploitation differs depending on the forest type: in the case of primary forests one can often defend that any exploitation already conflicts with the sustainability concept, whereas some or even systematic exploitation respecting some clear rules for fallow periods, stumpage size, replanting, felling techniques, etc. would clearly be an acceptable aspect of sustainable management of secondary forests and plantations. So, for both developments one must differentiate the concept depending on the forest type, and carefully determine how quantifying the carbon sequestered/assessing sustainable management is affected as soon as forest exploitation is recognized as an acceptable complementary activity.
Cumulative and Transboundary Impact Assessment
Published in Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger, Mining and the Environment, 2019
Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger
Impacts to habitats from the identified RFFAs will depend on the spatial and temporal impacts from the activities. RFFAs with large spatial impacts, undertaken over long periods, within areas located in or near sensitive receptors (critical and natural habitats) could have impacts ranging from significant to critical. Examples include coal mining, forestry and palm oil plantations in areas located in or near primary and secondary forests used by critically endangered, endangered or endemic species. RFFAs with medium or fragmented impacts over short to medium periods could have moderate to significant impacts on sensitive receptors (critical and natural habitats). Examples include construction and operation of power transmission and road infrastructure causing linear clearing within sensitive habitats. These activities may impact the integrity of primary and secondary forests through fragmenting the areas, possible transmission of invasive species and edge effect impacts on species composition. Linear pathways also enable access to forested areas, increasing opportunities for illegal logging, poaching and wildlife trade activities. RFFAs with small footprints in modified habitats are likely have negligible to moderate impacts. Examples include water transport infrastructure in coastal areas with low biodiversity values. These impacts are likely to fragment habitats, and if clustered together, are more likely to have moderate impacts.
An assessment of forest loss and its drivers in protected areas on the Copperbelt province of Zambia: 1972–2016
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2022
Darius Phiri, Collins Chanda, Vincent R. Nyirenda, Chisala A. Lwali
Our findings clearly show changes in forest cover in the protected areas on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia between 1972 and 2016, with most of the regions partially or completely losing forest cover. The primary forest area decreased by 11.09% from 1972 to 2008, before increasing by 4.01% between 2008 to 2016. The highest decrease in the primary forests occurred between 1990 to 2000, at a rate of change of −0.04%. Secondary forests increased by about 5% during this period (1990–2000), indicative of a slow recovery rate compared to the overall decrease in primary forests. The increase in the area covered by secondary forests occurred due to the decline of intact forests (primary forests) which was driven by agricultural activities and harvesting. The eventual decline after the year 2000 can be linked to other increasing human activities, such as establishing of settlements and farms in areas were the remnants of secondary forests existed. The decline in primary forests and the subsequent increase of secondary forests show that the changes in the forests were gradual through the process of forest degradation. These findings are in line with Mayes et al. (2015) who reported that most of the forest changes in the dry tropical areas occurred through the gradual processes of forest degradation, before being completely deforested.