China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Catetinho: The first presidential house in Brasília, Brazil
Published in Ine Wouters, Stephanie Van de Voorde, Inge Bertels, Bernard Espion, Krista De Jonge, Denis Zastavni, Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories, 2018
Marina M. Mennucci, Pedro P. Palazzo
Niemeyer conceived the Catetinho as a slender prism on pilotis with a shallow roof and continuous veranda, after the archetypal modernist housing blocks of the age. This effect was achieved with no more resources than some dimension wood, originally intended for scaffolding, and a few bricks, all picked up from Magalhães Penna’s construction company along the way. The original posts, beams, floor planks, and siding were made of dimension wood, locally known as ipê (Handroanthus or Tabebuia, genera of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, see Mabberley 2008). This tree genus is native to central Brazil and was once widely used as building material, before being declared an endangered group in the 1980s. A slab of unreinforced concrete was poured at grade to stabilise the posts and create a level ground floor plate, over which a small brick room provided minimal bracing for the whole building. Beams were created with makeshift assemblies of wood planks screwed eccentrically to the posts (Fig. 3). The roof was a simple rafter and purlin grid supporting corrugated metal plates. The main floor counted only five suites and a large office, so that a service building with kitchen and janitor’s quarters had to be added a couple of months after inauguration.
Catetinho: The first presidential house in Brasília, Brazil
Published in Ine Wouters, Stephanie Van de Voorde, Inge Bertels, Bernard Espion, Krista De Jonge, Denis Zastavni, Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories, 2018
Marina M. Mennucci, Pedro P. Palazzo
Niemeyer conceived the Catetinho as a slender prism on pilotis with a shallow roof and continuous veranda, after the archetypal modernist housing blocks of the age. This effect was achieved with no more resources than some dimension wood, originally intended for scaffolding, and a few bricks, all picked up from Magalhães Penna’s construction company along the way. The original posts, beams, floor planks, and siding were made of dimension wood, locally known as ipê (Handroanthus or Tabebuia, genera of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, see Mabberley 2008). This tree genus is native to central Brazil and was once widely used as building material, before being declared an endangered group in the 1980s. A slab of unreinforced concrete was poured at grade to stabilise the posts and create a level ground floor plate, over which a small brick room provided minimal bracing for the whole building. Beams were created with makeshift assemblies of wood planks screwed eccentrically to the posts (Fig. 3). The roof was a simple rafter and purlin grid supporting corrugated metal plates. The main floor counted only five suites and a large office, so that a service building with kitchen and janitor’s quarters had to be added a couple of months after inauguration.
Experimental investigation of distortional buckling of single channels restrained by angle cleats
Published in Alphose Zingoni, Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 2022
This paper investigates the strength and behaviour of the lipped cold-formed steel beam rafter-purlin sys-tem of a four-point loaded frame. The purpose of the tests was to examine the strength and distortional failure modes of the internal unbraced length of single channel beams. Distortional buckling mode causes premature failure, which results in a decrease of the ultimate strength of the beam. The experimental lengths used to study this span have been selected from signature curves of the cross section, obtained using CUFSM software.
Study on the characteristics of timber traditional architecture in Yiqian Town
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
The main characteristic of the chuandou structure is the high integrity of the whole structure. A row of columns are set up along the depth of the house according to the number of purlins. Each column supports a purlin, and the purlin carries the roof load directly. Each row of purlins is threaded horizontally through the column body to form a frame. The advantage of chuandou is easy of application. The force of each component is also more uniform. The disadvantage is about the column, the arrangement is too close, only can be used when the indoor space scale is not big. These make chuandou become the most commonly used frame of dwellings and ancestral temples. Among 28 dwellings in Yiqian, 23 of them are chuandou. Among 13 ancestral temples, 10 of them are chuandou (Table 1).
Study on ecological adaptability of traditional village construction in Hainan volcanic areas
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Chulin Chen, Yuchen She, Qianxin Chen, Sufang Liu
Most of the buildings in the Hainan volcano area have flat herringbone roofs with protruding eaves. The roof is a purlin structure, and the common number of purlins is 11, 13 and 15. The richer the family, the deeper the house, and the more purlins on the roof. Rafter is fixed on the purlin, and the tile is set on the rafter. The roof tile is composed of tube tile and plate tile. The plate tile has a large width and small radian, which is laid on the rafters as the bottom. The tube tile is small in width and large in radian, which is similar to a semicircle and covers between the joints of two rows of plate tiles. Plate tiles and tube tiles are superposed up and down to form a tile ridge (Figure 19). The double-layer tile roof can play the role of heat insulation, ventilation and rainproof. The tile is made of mud ash mixed with shell debris, sand, and soil, which is strong and durable (Yan,2008). To ensure the stability of the roof tiles, bricks, stones and other heavy objects are usually used to set up layering at a distance of 50 cm from the cornice. There are also a few elegant practices: plaster is used to fix the tube tiles (Figure 20), and exquisite animal carving decorations are set on the outer part of the ridge.
Seismic Fragility of Italian Code-Conforming Buildings by Multi-Stripe Dynamic Analysis of Three-Dimensional Structural Models
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2023
Iunio Iervolino, Roberto Baraschino, Andrea Belleri, Donatello Cardone, Gaetano Della Corte, Paolo Franchin, Sergio Lagomarsino, Gennaro Magliulo, Andrea Marchi, Andrea Penna, Luciano R.S. Viggiani, Alessandro Zona
Single-story industrial steel buildings equipped with an overhead travelling crane were designed; i.e. four geometries in the three considered sites each considering the soil conditions, A and C. As shown in Fig. 5, the prototype buildings are made of five equally spaced transverse single-span duo-pitch portal frames connected through longitudinal beams at the apex, eaves, and crane-supporting bracket levels. Lateral loads are sustained by the MRF system in the transverse direction while the resistance in the longitudinal direction is assigned to diagonal concentrically braced frames (CBFs). Purlins, supporting the roof cladding and transferring loads from the roof cladding to the rafters, were placed on the rafters with a constant interval. Roof cross braces were arranged in the outer bays to transfer lateral loads to the vertical braces. Full-strength bolted end-plate connections were designed between the apex and eaves. The base connections of the columns and the purlin-rafter connections were designed as pinned. Full-strength gusset plate connections were designed to connect the braces.