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Soil
Published in Rajib B. Mallick, Tahar El-Korchi, Pavement Engineering, 2017
Rajib B. Mallick, Tahar El-Korchi
Note that the moisture content versus dry density curve is different for different compactive efforts for the same soil. The test that is carried out to determine the optimum moisture content is commonly referred to as the Proctor compaction test. The compactive effort to be applied for compaction of soils during the Proctor test is dependent on the level of compactive effort expected in the field—the higher the expected effort, the higher is the effort in the laboratory.
Compaction Characteristics of a Soil Specimen
Published in Bashir Ahmed Mir, Manual of Geotechnical Laboratory Soil Testing, 2021
For a standard Proctor compaction test in the soil testing laboratory, compactive effort is applied by compacting the soil specimen in three equal layers by dropping a hammer of 2.6 kg from a freefall of 30 cm in a compaction mold of 10 cm diameter and 12.7 cm height (nearly 1,000 cm3 capacity mold). It may be noted that each layer is tamped 25 times by the 2.6 kg hammer from a freefall of 30 cm. Therefore, CE is computed by the following equation: CE=[Hammerwt.(kg)∗Ht.offreefall(m)∗No.oflayers(n)∗No.ofdrops(N)Volumeofcompactingmould(m3)](kg.mm3)
Mechanical and microstructural properties of dredged sediments treated with cement and fly ash for use as road materials
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2021
Pitthaya Jamsawang, Sunthiti Charoensil, Tanapat Namjan, Pornkasem Jongpradist, Suched Likitlersuang
The sediments used in this research were dredged from the Huai Mae Phong Reservoir, Phayao Province, Thailand. The test results of the physical characterisation of the dredged sediments are shown in Table 1. The specific gravity of the dredged sediment and natural water content were 2.75% and 75%, respectively. The liquid and plastic limits were approximately 47% and 39%, respectively. Based on the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), the dredged sediments were classified as well-graded sand with silt (SW − SM). The maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content were obtained from a modified Proctor compaction test according to ASTM D1557 (2015) and were found to be 16.5 kN/m3 and 18.5%, respectively. According to ASTM C150 (2019), the OPC used in this study was type I OPC. The specific gravity values and fineness of the OPC were 3.15 and 2900 cm2/g, respectively. The FA used in this study was supplied from the Mae Moh electric power plant, which is located in the Lamphang province of Thailand. The specific gravity of the FA was 2.53, and the fineness ranged between 3200 and 3600 cm2/g. The SEM images of the dredged sediments, OPC and FA are illustrated in Figures 1(a–c), respectively, which indicate that the particles of the dredged sediments are irregular in shape, whereas particles of the OPC have rough surfaces, sharp corners and nonuniform shapes. Meanwhile, the FA particles were spherical and have rough surfaces. The laser particle size analysis was used for determining the particle sizes of the OPC and FA, whereas the sieve and laser particle size analyses were utilised to characterise the grain sizes larger than 0.075 mm and smaller than 0.075 mm, respectively, for the dredged sediments. The grain size distribution curves of the dredged sediments, OPC and FA are plotted together for comparison, as shown in Figure (d). The average particle sizes of the dredged sediment, OPC and FA were similar, whereas the particle sizes of the dredged sediment were much larger than those of OPC and FA.
Prioritisation of pavement maintenance sections deploying functional characteristics of pavements
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2020
L. Janani, Raunak Kumar Dixit, V. Sunitha, Samson Mathew
The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method for experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will achieve its maximum dry density and become extremely dense. This test was done as per IS 2720 Part 7 (1980).