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Drainage basin boundaries of major karst springs in Croatia determined by means of groundwater tracing in their hinterland
Published in A. Kranjc, Tracer Hydrology 97, 2020
In order to provide sanitary protection for the Klokun and Modro Oko springs, it is necessary to determine their catchment area. A model of water flow within the wide, joint catchment area is described hereinbefore. Concerning the Vrgoračko Polje altitude, earlier explorations showed that the water, which sinks between the extreme northwestern part of the polje and a ponor near the village of Staševica, flows subsurfacely toward the coastal springs Žrnovnica and another near the town of Gradac (Turner, 1959). The water, which sinks through numerous ponors in the southeastern part of the Vrgoračko Polje up to the Crni Vir ponor, flows out from the spring Modro Oko and other springs in the Neretva river valley. By that exploration work, the boundary of the lowest part of the joint catchment area of the Klokun and Modro Oko springs was defined. The tectonic blocks, determined by a structural geology analysis (Fig.2), directed researchers to a possible separation of ponors and ponor zones from which water flows toward one or another spring. Within the boundary area between the mentioned tectonic blocks, groundwater tracing was performed from the ponor Pod Spilom. The tracer was detected in the springs Modro Oko and Čeveljuša but not in the Klokun spring. However, by groundwater tracing from the ponor Crpalo, situated beside the Matica river bed, the underground hydraulic connection of that ponor with the Klokun spring and, again, with the Čeveljuša spring was determined.
The problems of constructions on karst - The examples from Slovenia
Published in Barry F. Beck, Felicity M. Pearson, Karst Geohazards, 2018
In Slovenia karst terrain covers 8780 km2 which is 43% of the country’s territory. One Third of the inhabitants live in the area and important traffic connections from Western to Eastern Europe go over it. Here the terms for geomorphological phenomena known in the global literature as are karst, doline, polje and ponor, have been for the first time described.
Health risks from multiroute exposure of potentially toxic elements in a coastal community: a probabilistic risk approach in Pangkep Regency, Indonesia
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2022
Ratna Dwi Puji Astuti, Anwar Mallongi, Kyungho Choi, Ridwan Amiruddin, Muhammad Hatta, Kraichat Tantrakarnapa, Annisa Utami Rauf
Hydrologically, this karst area has a high-capacity aquifer (100–500 L/s) (Nuhung 2016) that is dominated by subsurface drainage. Rainwater that falls on the limestone surface can pass through Dolina and Ponor and/or immediately infiltrate into rock cavities (Nuhung 2016). The aquifers and subsurface drainages in this area act as the catchment area for many rivers, including the Pangkajene, Pute, and Bantimurung rivers. The mainland is inhabited by a population of 345,775 (in 2020) dominated by people of Bugis–Makassar ethnicity who work in the livestock, agriculture, fishery, industry, mining, and tourism sectors (BPS 2021). The climate is characterized as a tropical monsoon climate (Astuti et al. 2021b): in 2020, the highest air temperatures occurred in October at 28.3 °C and the lowest air temperature occurred in March at 26.9 °C (BPS 2021). The amount of precipitation and rainy days in the Pangkep regency range from 8 to 966 mm/months and 3 to 27 days, respectively, in 2020 (BPS 2021). The soil in the Pangkep regency is highly fertile and is used to produce various crops and agricultural commodities such as rice, chili, shallots, garlic, spinach, watermelon, pomelo, mango, coconut, and medicinal plants (BPS 2021). In the fishery sector, milkfish is one of the main commodities in the Pangkep regency. Marble and limestone are the main mining resources in this area, although several minerals and other minable materials exist in the Pangkep regency, such as kaolin, basalt, coal, propylite, marble, clay/loam, limestone, feldspar, alluvial gold, gems, gravel, and radioactive minerals (Depdikbud 1976; DPU 2017; Astuti et al. 2021b, 2021c; Mallongi et al. 2022).