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Compressed Air Systems
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Steve Doty, Wayne C. Turner, Energy Management Handbook, 2020
Why is compressed air used so widely in industry? Primarily, it is a convenient and flexible source of Pneumatic equipment can be a desirable alternative to motor-powered equipment due to its lower upfront costs and lesser maintenance and replacement needs. Pneumatic equipment is free of an electric current, making it attractive power and pressure for manufacturing processes. Pneumatic equipment can be a desirable alternative to motor-powered equipment due to its lower upfront costs and lesser maintenance and replacement needs. Pneumatic equipment is free of an electric current, making it attractive in volatile environments where an electrical spark could start a fire. However, power from compressed air is 2½ to 5 times less energy-efficient than motor-driven equipment due to compressed air’s inherent heat losses, friction losses, and part-load inefficiencies. Despite its lower efficiency, high-pressure air is sometimes one of the primary components of a manufacturing process for which there are no substitutions, such as in blow molding. The following describe common industrial compressed-air end-uses.
Pneumatics
Published in John S. Cundiff, Michael F. Kocher, Fluid Power Circuits and Controls, 2019
John S. Cundiff, Michael F. Kocher
Pneumatic systems have a compressor, which maintains a supply of air under pressure in a tank known as a receiver. Air is distributed from the receiver through a piping network to the actuators. Generally, the air is exhausted to atmosphere after passing through the actuator. Flow control valves, analogous to those studied for hydraulic systems, are available.
The Performance of Slug Tests
Published in James Johnson Butler, The Design, Performance, and Analysis of Slug Tests, 2nd Ed, 2019
The major disadvantage of the pneumatic approach is that an airtight well-head apparatus (Figure 3.4) and airtight casing joints are required. Air leaks in the well-head apparatus can be detected by spraying the seals around the transducer cable and between the apparatus and the casing with soapy water; these leaks can then be reduced or eliminated. However, leaks at casing joints above the static water level in the well are more troublesome. In that case, pressurization of the air column is only possible if the volume of gas leaking from the system is smaller than the volume supplied to the well. Although this is usually not a concern when an air compressor is the source of the injected gas, it can be much more of a problem with a hand pump. Since there can often be small leaks somewhere in the system, use of a regulator is strongly recommended to maintain a constant air pressure in the casing.
The design of a hold-off device to improve the lateral comfort of rail vehicles
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2019
Jordi Vinolas, Asier Alonso, Javier Nieto, Jose Germán Giménez
Pneumatic actuators are chosen for this centring system. Pneumatic actuators have several advantages over hydraulic or electromechanical such as easy implementation and low cost [10]. In addition, virtually all rail vehicles are fitted with an air compressor connected to the main reservoirs which, in turn, feeds compressed air to the various train pneumatic components (e.g. the braking system). Consequently, the choice of pneumatic actuators does not require a new system on the train, but rather at the most, the use of a compressor with a higher flow rate. Moreover, the main advantage of the pneumatic actuator is the fact that the components connected to it are ‘uncoupled’ when the actuator response bandwidth is exceeded, which is not the case of electromechanical and hydraulic actuators. In spite of these facts, some solutions based on electromechanical and hydraulic actuators have also been proposed as the design can take advantage of their faster dynamic response and smaller size [11,12].
Presentation of textile pneumatic muscle prototypes applied in an upper limb active suit experimental model
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Guido Belforte, Gabriella Eula, Alexandre Ivanov, Terenziano Raparelli, Silvia Sirolli
In comparison with other pneumatic cylinders, they have the following advantages: a good power-weight ratio; a passive damping effect; the possibility of working in rough environments; the absence of rigid structures; an ergonomic design (Panizzolo et al., 2016; Wehner et al., 2013).