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Compressed Air Systems
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Steve Doty, Wayne C. Turner, Energy Management Handbook, 2020
Compressed air is used widely in industry to provide power and pressure for mechanical systems. Air compressors are among the largest motors in industrial facilities and over 70% of all U.S. industrial plants use compressed air [1]. Overall, compressed air is the third-largest user of electricity among all U.S. industrial motor systems, behind pumping and materials processing (machining) [2].
Compressed Air System Optimization
Published in Albert Thumann, D. Paul Mehta, Handbook of Energy Engineering, 2020
Compressed air is pressurized atmospheric air. The composition of dry air is 78% Nitrogen, 21 % Oxygen, and 1 % other gases. In addition, this air is humid and carries many impurities and solid particles. On the average, ambient air, at 75% relative humidity and 75°F carries approximately 18 gallons of water per day into a compressor with a capacity of 100 CFM operating at 100 psig. If this water is not collected properly, it would be carried with the air in the lines causing malfunction of the equipment. For example, in a painting application, water in the lines could cause rejects in the paint leading to rework, loss of time, and increased energy consumption.
Energy Analysis
Published in Kaushik Bhattacharjee, Industrial Energy Management Strategies: Creating a Culture of Continuous Improvement, 2020
Ultrasonic leak detectors are used to detect compressed air leaks. The leak detector essentially amplifies the sound of leakages that would not be otherwise detected because of surrounding noise. The general method to determine leaks is to find gross leaks and then adjust the sensitivity to pinpoint the specific leaks in the air distribution system.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis on the Internal Flow of Supersonic Ejector Under Different Working Modes
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2018
Weixiong Chen, Kangkang Xue, Huiqiang Chen, Daotong Chong, Junjie Yan
As shown in Figure 1, an experiment rig is set up to study supersonic air ejector. This setup mainly includes compressor, dryer, gas storageFigure 3tanks, electric control valve, ejector experimental model, data acquisition system and the measuring system including temperature, pressure and flow. The pressures of primary flow (0.25-0.45 MPa), second flow (0-0.1 MPa), and mixed flow (0.02-0.11 MPa) are controlled by the electric control valve. Air compressor is used to provide compressed air. Compressed air flows into the high-pressure gas storage tank as the gas source of the primary flow after passing through the dryer. Meanwhile, compressed air flows into the low-pressure gas storage tank as the gas source of the second flow through the communication valve. The primary flow becomes supersonic through the primary nozzle and then mixes with the second flow in the mixing chamber. Two flows mix in the mixing tube. Then the pressure of the mixed fluid recovers to the backpressure in the diffuser. Figure 2 shows structure of supersonic air ejector. Figure 3 shows pressure sensors installation diagram. In this study, there are twelve measuring points along the wall, labeled as point 1 to point 12 from left to right. The pressure transmitter (model number CYG1102T) with 0.1% measurement error is used to measure the pressure. The result shows that the maximum uncertainty of primary pressure is 2.4%, while the corresponding value of secondary pressure is 2%. The primary and second flow rate are measured by two vortex flow meters (model number LUXBZ32) with 1.0 accuracy grade, and the maximum uncertainty is 1.15% and 2.16%, respectively. Thus, the maximum deviation of entrainment ratio is less than 2.45%. The uncertainty calculation method is based on the literature [19].