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Typical measures for integrated treatment
Published in Xiaoling Lei, Bo Lu, Integrated Water Environment Treatment, 2021
The permeable pavement is an important source control technology under the concept of “sponge city”. Generally, the permeable surface is formed by permeable paving materials such as permeable bricks, permeable asphalt, cobblestones, grass planting bricks and gravel, or formed by traditional materials paved with gaps reserved. As for the pavement with gaps reserved in a narrow sense, the hollow area shall be greater than or equal to 40% of the total pavement area. Characterized by wide applicable scope and convenient construction, this technical measure can replenish groundwater and also can reduce peak flow and purify stormwater to a certain extent. At present, the permeable pavement system has been widely applied in areas such as parks, parking lots, sidewalks, squares and light-load road. Its main functions are to collect, store and treat stormwater runoff, so as to replenish aquifer by infiltration, which is of great significance to improve the overall hydrological regulation and storage function of a city.
Water Resources Engineering
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
Runoff into storm sewers can be minimized by including sustainable urban drainage system or low impact development or green infrastructure practices into municipal plans. To reduce stormwater from rooftops, flows from eaves troughs (rain gutters and downspouts) may be infiltrated into adjacent soil, rather than discharged into the storm sewer system. Storm water runoff from paved surfaces can be directed to unlined ditches before flowing into the storm sewers, again to allow the runoff to soak into the ground. Permeable paving materials can be used in building sidewalks, driveways, and, in some cases, parking lots, to infiltrate a portion of the stormwater volume.
Infiltration Layout and Construction
Published in K. Ferguson Bruce, Stormwater Infiltration, 2017
Permeable pavements include porous asphalt and concrete, open-celled pavers, and a variety of other materials. Most permeable paving materials can be used in parking lots, lightly traveled streets, and pedestrian ways—in other words, most of the paved surfaces that are installed in urban communities. They can be used on subgrade slopes .up to a few percent without subgrade erosion, but laying out a site from the beginning to create level slopes for their placement can maximize infiltration and make subgrade erosion impossible.
From water sensitive to floodable: defining adaptive urban design for water resilient cities
Published in Journal of Urban Design, 2019
Adjustable layouts and diverse uses of the space have been structured while still allowing rainwater infiltration, storage and controlled flooding (Table 1, AS7). The project considers three possible recurrent rain storm events, based on the historical flooding data of the area: regular rain, 10-year heavy rain events and 100-year flooding (Table 1, AS4) (Figure 2). The rainwater system is completely disconnected from the main centralized drainage, giving priority to on-site infiltration (‘Zollhallen Plaza’ from http://www.dreiseitl.com, accessed July 2018). The topography conveys the surface runoff towards permeable areas where water is purified from ground pollutants by phytodepuration and then percolates to recharge the water table (Table 1, AS7). Permeable paving materials reduce the ground temperature during summer, enable evapotranspiration cycles and enhance protection against urban heat islands (Figure 3).
Performance evaluation of semi-flexible permeable pavements under cyclic loads
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2020
Mahdi M. Disfani, Alireza Mohammadinia, Guillermo A. Narsilio, Lu Aye
Permeable paving systems have been promoted to minimise the surface water run-off in urban developments. The high porosity required for the permeable layers are met by using materials with uniform gradation resulting in an open gradation with minimal contact points. The low coordination number, which is defined as the average number of contacts per particle, should plausibly provide an indication of overall fabric stability (Langroudi et al. 2015). This low coordination number creates a rigid and brittle system with low load-bearing capacity; vulnerable to deformations and loadings. Porous surfaces have been widely used in urban areas for storm water management and to minimise the surface run-off and redirect the influx of flash flooding into storm water collection systems and aquifers (Woods-Ballard et al. 2007, Nnadi et al. 2014). These systems are also capable of storing the backflow of water due to low water absorption of the subgrade layer and the drainage system (Zhang et al. 2017). Impermeable surfaces occupy 25% of Australian urban environments, presenting a large proportion of hard surfaces (Shackel et al. 2008) resulting in increased run-off and pollution issues. Water sensitive urban design is an approach which has been used extensively in Australia to ensure that storm water is managed in a more sustainable manner. Permeable surfaces present a crucial element of this design process and with the lack of a clear standard to be adopted for design and construction of the permeable surfaces, a deeper understanding of the load-bearing mechanism of the high-porosity structure is essential (Weiss et al. 2017).