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Bricks and brickwork
Published in Arthur Lyons, Materials for Architects and Builders, 2019
Many clay brick manufacturers produce a range of plain and chamfered paving bricks together with a matching range of paver accessories. Bricks for flexible paving are frequently nibbed to set the spacing correctly. The material offers a human scale to large areas of hard landscape, especially if creative use is made of pattern and colour. Typical patterns (Fig. 1.27) include herringbone, running bond, stack bond, basket weave and the use of borders and bands. However, it should be noted that not all paver sizes coordinate for herringbone and basket weave designs. Profiled brick designs include decorative diamond and chocolate bar patterns, as well as pedestrian management texturing. The paving bricks may be laid on a hard base with mortar joints or alternatively on a flexible base with fine sand brushed between the pavers. Edge restraint is necessary to prevent lateral spread of the units.
Storm Water Pollutant Management
Published in David H.F. Liu, Béla G. Lipták, Paul A. Bouts, Groundwater and Surface Water Pollution, 2019
For parking lots and access roads, planners can use modular pavement systems. Pavers are placed on a prepared sand and gravel base, which overlays the subsoil. The voids of the pavers are filled with either sand, gravel, or sod. Frost problems are minimal.
Infiltration Layout and Construction
Published in K. Ferguson Bruce, Stormwater Infiltration, 2017
Grassed pavers require the same maintenance as lawns: mowing, fertilizing and, in some cases, irrigation, aeration and reseeding. Mowers may experience roughness across some pavement surfaces. If grass must be reestablished in cells compacted from heavy use, removing the soil from each cell manually may be required (Nichols, 1993a).
Mechanical and microstructural study on interlocking concrete block pavers using waste granite dust
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Arjun Siva Rathan R. T, Sunitha V
Interlocking Concrete Block Pavers (ICBP) is one of the prominent types of pavement constructions for infrastructural development. The basic advantageous properties such as high strength and durability, aesthetically pleasing surface, easy maintenance, comfortable to walk on, quicker installation, easy to remove, refit and reuse, make paver blocks a popular choice in pavement construction. The ICBP is mainly used in light traffic areas such as residential roads, intersections, toll plazas, pedestrian crossing areas, parks, sidewalks, patios, parking bays and high volume roads. The ICBP has also extended its application in factories, container depots, service stations, airports and harbours. Although the usage of ICBP is not in competence to the conventional flexible and rigid pavement, the percentage of usage of ICBP has been increased from the past. As per the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute’s (ICPI, 2018) Annual report of 2018, the installation of segmental concrete pavers in US and Canada has increased by 63% between 2010 and 2017. In India, the guidelines for the interlocking paver blocks specified in IRC: SP: 63 – 2004 were revised to IRC: SP: 63 – 2018 stating that the use of ICBP in various applications has increased sharply with considerable advancement in technology.
Assessment of the physical characteristics and stormwater effluent quality of permeable pavement systems containing recycled materials
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2021
John Monrose, K. Tota-Maharaj, A. Mwasha
A variety of permeable pavements have been identified based on their surface paving material. The distinguishing factor among them is related to the total pore space, spatial arrangement of the underlying open-graded layers and structural strength. They are either monolithic, modular or grid types. Monolithic permeable pavements facilitate infiltration of water through their surfaces. Examples include porous asphalt and porous concrete. Modular pavements consist of solid permeable pavement concrete blocks placed adjacent to each other in various patterns with infiltration taking place through the joints between the blocks. The most prevalent modular units are Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers (PICP). In the USA, PICPs conform to ASTM C936 (ASTM International, 2018a) which ensures that pavers are at least 60 mm thick with a minimum compressive strength of 55 MPa. Grid pavements consist of large gaps which facilitate infiltration. Examples include concrete grid pavers and plastic grid pavers (Collins, 2007).
Effect of carbon-negative aggregates on the strength properties of concrete for permeable pavements
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2020
John Monrose, K. Tota-Maharaj, A. Mwasha, C. Hills
The vertical profile of a typical permeable pavement is illustrated in Figure 1. A variety of Permeable pavements have been identified based on their surface paving material. The distinguishing factor among them is related to the total pore space, spatial arrangement of the underlying open-graded layers and structural strength. They are either monolithic, modular or grid types. Monolithic permeable pavements facilitate infiltration of water through their surfaces. Examples include porous asphalt and porous concrete. Modular pavements consist of solid permeable pavement concrete blocks placed adjacent to each other in various patterns with infiltration taking place through the joints between the blocks. The most prevalent modular units are permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP). Grid pavements consist of large gaps which facilitate infiltration. Examples include concrete grid pavers and plastic grid pavers (Collins 2007).