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An optimal arrangement for photovoltaic/diesel/battery management system applying Crow Search Algorithm: a case of Namib Desert
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Liang Chen, Si Wang, Nasser Yousefi
One of the driest places on Earth is the Namib Desert on the Atlantic coast in southwestern Africa, covering an area of about 81,000 km2 and is located among three countries: Namibia, Angola, and South Africa. This dessert is placed at . The Namib Desert is almost the oldest in the world with history around 55 million years. The Namib Desert has about 2,000 km long and 200 km width, connects Namibia, southern Angola, and North Africa through Namibia. In this area, only a little rainfall can be expected and the temperatures may increase up to 50°C in hot seasons and 20°C to 25°C in cold seasons. The temperatures of the Namib desert at night may drop below 0°C. This considered a place of this study includes 50 households that are located in the rural part of the Namib desert. The Google map of the area is shown in Figure 4 (Dehghani et al. 2021).