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Wind Forces
Published in Ajaya Kumar Gupta, Peter James Moss, Guidelines for Design of Low-Rise Buildings Subjected to Lateral Forces, 2020
James R. McDonald, Kishor C. Mehta, Marvin E. Criswell
A “model” building code is also a consensus document, much like a standard, but is written in language that can be adopted by governmental entities (city, county, state) as a legal document. Model codes include information from many standards and recommended practices.
The impact of policy instruments on the first generation of Tall Wood Buildings
Published in Building Research & Information, 2022
Eduardo Wiegand, Michael Ramage
In Germany, the edition of the Model Building Code (MBC) in 2002 increased the permitted height for timber structures from three to five storeys – or 13 meters – under prescriptive requirements (Mahapatra et al., 2012). Later, due to the adoption of a performance-based code, it became possible to build higher timber buildings if fire safety code compliance is demonstrated (Östman & Källsner, 2011) (Table 7). In this context, in 2008, the construction of E3 – a seven-story timber building – became a novelty in Germany and Europe (Moore, 2016). The approval process required the team to conduct feasibility research, tests, components certification, and discussions with authorities. Based on the E3 as a precedent – and with less resource-consuming regulatory barriers – the same architecture office designed and completed two projects: the C13 in 2014 with seven storeys (Mayo, 2015) and SKAIO with ten storeys in 2019.
Deriving sequences of operation for air handling units through building performance optimization
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2020
H. Burak Gunay, Guy Newsham, Araz Ashouri, Ian Wilton
To investigate the sensitivity of the optimal operational parameters to envelope, occupancy, and HVAC sizing properties, 27 variants of the base EnergyPlus model were created. Table 1 presents the window, wall, and air infiltration properties for the three envelope scenarios. Note that the envelope scenario normal represents walls, windows, and infiltration rates that comply with the prescriptive requirements of the Canadian model building code (NECB 2017). The envelope scenario poor represents walls with less insulation, windows with higher thermal conductance, and greater infiltration rates, while the envelope scenario good represents walls with more insulation, windows with lower thermal conductance, and lower infiltration rates than the code.
Seismic Risk Assessment of New Zealand Unreinforced Masonry Churches using Statistical Procedures
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2018
Alessandra Marotta, Luigi Sorrentino, Domenico Liberatore, Jason M. Ingham
New Zealand is subject to frequent seismic activity, being located along a zone of contact between the Pacific and the Australian tectonic plates, on the so-called “Ring of Fire”. The country has experienced several major earthquakes, at times very destructive, as in 1929 (Arthur’s Pass Mw 7.1, Murchison Mw 7.8) and in 1931 (Hawke’s Bay Mw 7.8). During 2010–2011 the Canterbury region was stricken by an extensive earthquake sequence, with the most severe event in terms of damage occurring on February 22, 2011 (Mw 6.3). Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings form a significant component of the national building stock dating prior to the 1965 Model Building Code (Russell and Ingham 2010) and represent an inestimable portion of the national architectural heritage, whilst during the Canterbury earthquakes this building type was particularly severely affected (Moon et al. 2014). The seismic sequence also had an impressive impact on the religious community, given the societal relevance of New Zealand churches (Marotta et al. 2015). Moreover, it is widely known that churches frequently exhibit a seismic vulnerability higher than ordinary buildings (D’Ayala 2000), because of their open plan, large wall height-to-thickness and length-to-thickness ratios, and the use of thrusting horizontal structural elements for vaults and roofs (Sorrentino et al. 2014a, 2014b). Therefore, it is relevant to assess the seismic risk of New Zealand churches.