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Inherent FR Fibers
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Flame Retardants for Textile Materials, 2020
Thermoset Polymeric Fibers are typified by the melamine-formaldehyde fiber, Basofil (BASF) and the phenol-formaldehyde (or novoloid) fiber, Kynol (Kynol GmbH). Melamine, if combined with formaldehyde, produces melamine resin (Structure 3.2), which is a very durable thermosetting plastic, with melamine rings terminated with multiple hydroxyl groups that are derived from formaldehyde. Basofil is the only commercial member of melamine fiber, developed by BASF AG in the early 1990s. Basofil is a fiber made from a condensation polymer of melamine, melamine derivatives, and formaldehyde-supplying products. In the condensation reaction, methylol compounds are formed which then react with one another to form a three-dimensional structure of methylene (–CH2–) and dimethylene ether (–CH2-O-CH2–) bridges. Faster, stronger, lighter, safer, are some of the demands which constantly make melamine interesting to today’s researchers and manufacturers. Melamine fiber has recently entered the high temperature fiber market, one of the newest fibers, and has had a rapid impact. Melamine fiber is an advanced synthetic fiber having superior heat and flame resistance with decomposition temperature above 350°C (Maity and Singha, 2012).
Polymers utilised in construction
Published in Ash Ahmed, John Sturges, Materials Science in Construction: An Introduction, 2014
Melamine is a thermosetting polymeric material with a wide range of applications. Melamine is a strong organic base with chemical formula C3H6N6, with the name 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine. The melamine monomer is illustrated in Figure 15.4. Melamine is primarily used to produce melamine resin, which when combined with formaldehyde produces a very durable thermoset plastic. This plastic is often used as kitchen worktops (Figure 15.5), kitchen utensils or plates. Melamine is also used to make decorative wall panels and is often used as a laminate.
The relationship between odour intensity and antibacterial durability of encapsulated thyme essential oil by PPI dendrimer on cotton fabrics
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Pegah Asadi Fard, Sima Shakoorjavan, Somaye Akbari
In order to investigate the effect of dendrimer on odour release from fragrant fabrics, two sets of fragrance solution were prepared: Set (A) containing 5 g/l PPI-G2 and set (B) without dendrimer. Different concentrations of emulsion of fragrance solutions were made of 80, 40, and 10 g/l thyme EO, 2 g/l melamine resin, and 2 g/l SDS as an emulsifier. The samples (4 × 5 cm2) separately immersed in solutions were padded twice with the pick-up ratio of 80%, then dried at 100 °C for 2 min and cured at 140 °C for 4 min. Since melamine resin was used as a binder for all samples, the curing process is necessary. To make sure that curing process did not impinge upon the EO, the effect of temperature on odour of pure thyme EO and applied thyme EO on cotton was considered. To investigate the odour durability, samples with 80 g/l thyme EO (with and without the dendrimer) were washed by 5% standard soap and 2% sodium bicarbonate at 60 °C for 15 min, and other samples were kept into covered box while others were separately exposed to the free air for 10 and 30 days.
Cryogenic drilling of aluminum-based printed circuit boards: a review and analysis
Published in Machining Science and Technology, 2020
Dantian Lin, Chengyong Wang, Xin Huang, Yong Ke, Lijuan Zheng
First, compared with TY-90, the hardness of MW-0.5 surface melamine resin is greater than that of phenolic resin. Thus, the melamine resin could better limit aluminum export deformation than others. Moreover, the tool sticking phenomenon when using TY-90 affected the sharpness of drilling. Second, compared with MW-0.1, the melamine resin layer with a higher thickness tends to produce large burrs. This provides a reference for different backup board designs with burrs of different heights. Finally, compared with MW-0.5 under no cooling, the chip removal and cooling effect are better, the tool wear is reduced, and the drilling process of the Al-PCB is improved.