China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Mineral Extraction
Published in Earle A. Ripley, E. Robert Redmann, Adèle A. Crowder, Tara C. Ariano, Catherine A. Corrigan, Robert J. Farmer, L. Moira Jackson, Environmental Effects of Mining, 2018
A. Ripley Earle, Robert E. Redmann, Adèle A. Crowder, Tara C. Ariano, Catherine A. Corrigan, Robert J. Farmer, Earle A. Ripley, E. Robert Redmann, Adèle A. Crowder, Tara C. Ariano, Catherine A. Corrigan, Robert J. Farmer, L. Moira Jackson
Land reclamation is a process that promotes soil conservation and/or soil improvement, as well as the productive use of disturbed land. According to Peterson and Etter (1970), this involves three phases: prior land-use planning; physical operations to achieve a suitable topography if necessary; and natural or assisted revegetation and subsequent management of reclaimed land. In some areas, such as tundra, it is important to restore the pre-mining condition and not try to improve its production.
Other Design Items
Published in Jan van ‘t Hoff, Art Nooy van der Kolff, Hydraulic Fill Manual, 2012
Jan van ‘t Hoff, Art Nooy van der Kolff
Land reclamation is generally undertaken for a specific purpose: for example, the extension or construction of a port facility, the construction of an industrial estate or the development of a housing area. The type of usage and, hence, the structures to be built on the reclamation dictate, to a great extent, the functional and technical requirements to be considered during the design and construction of the fill mass.
Effect of spatial variability of engineering properties on stability of a CSMC embankment
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2018
Rong-Jun Zhang, Mohammed Shareef M. S. Hasan, Jun-Jie Zheng, Yu-Shi Cheng
With the need to maintain navigation channels and exploit offshore space more and more intensively, extremely large volumes of dredged marine clays are produced annually in many highly developed coastal areas (Tang, Miyazaki, and Tsuchida 2001). These marine clays are usually at very high water content and with poor engineering properties, thus of no direct use or value. Disposal of these unwanted soils poses big pressure on the local environment and economy. Highly developed coastal areas, on the other hand, need to continue land reclamation activities to cater to growing demands for industrial, commercial, residential, and transportation spaces. However, ideal filling materials become more and more depleted due to increasingly strict regulation on hill cutting and river sand dredging. A sustainable solution is to stabilize the unwanted clays with cement and use them as filling material for embankments or land reclamations. This application has been receiving increasing attention and popularity over the past 1–2 decades (Porbaha, Hanzawa, and Shima 1999; Tang, Miyazaki, and Tsuchida 2001; Dermatas et al. 2003; Kitazume and Satoh 2005; Chiu, Zhu, and Zhang 2008). For brevity, the artificial filling material—cement-stabilized marine clay is termed cement-stabilized marine clay (CSMC) from hereon.
Impact of rapid urbanization on the modern sedimentary environments in a semienclosed embayment: Tong’an Bay, southeast China coast
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2018
Ai-jun Wang, Xiang Ye, Bin-xin Zheng, Mohamad Tarmizi Mohamad Zulkifley, Liang Wang, Dong-sheng Yu
Currently, China is involved in fast urbanization from a global perspective. The review of Gu, Wu, and Cook (2012) summarizes the theoretical studies on urbanization in China and its major achievements as well as the problems existing at the current stage. The urbanization rate in China has exhibited a relatively fast increase since 1980 and a significantly faster increase since 2000 (Figure 1). However, such increases significantly vary both spatially and temporally and are unbalanced between regions (Fang and Liu 2009). Under the combined effect of factors such as economic development, industrial structure, human capital and the national strategic layout, the level of urbanization of the coastal regions in eastern China is significantly higher than that of the regions in central and western China (Chen, Lu, and Liu 2010). An urbanization process is often accompanied by an increasing demand for land. The urbanization process in a coastal region is inevitably accompanied by land reclamation. Remote sensing monitoring results show that the area of land reclaimed in the coastal regions in eastern China from 1985 to 2010 exceeded 7,500 km2, and economic development and rapid urbanization were the main driving forces for land reclamation (Tian et al. 2016). Land reclamation not only mitigates the shortfall in land resources in China and expands the living spaces of tens of millions of people but also has a positive role in promoting the development of the local economy. On the other hand, land reclamation also brings about a negative impact on the eco-environment (Cui and Shi 2012; Zhang et al. 2015) and leads to multifaceted problems similar to those in other countries or regions (Sohma, Sekiguchi, and Nakata 2009; Tian et al. 2016).