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Groundwater Remediation
Published in Kathleen Sellers, Fundamentals of Hazardous Waste Site Remediation, 2018
A lamella clarifier consists of a series of inclined plates or tubes inside a conical-bottom tank. The inclined plates are used to increase surface area available for settling and thus sedimentation efficiency. As a result, a lamella clarifier can handle up to ten times the flow rate of a similarly sized conventional clarifier at a similar removal efficiency.43 The plates slope at 45–60° to allow gravity settling.42
Biobased volatile fatty acids (VFA) production via anaerobic acidogenesis of sugar processing industry effluent
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Pooja P. More, Aniket A. Chavan, Manju B. Sharma, Arvind M. Lali
A 5L Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) (Eppendorf, New Brunswick BioFlow/Celligen 115, Germany) with a working volume of 3.0 L was used for continuous VFA production studies (Figure 1(a,b)). The reactor was equipped with a temperature sensor and pH probe for continuous monitoring of temperature and pH. The temperature of the reactor was maintained at 37°C with the help of a heating blanket and the pH of the reaction medium was maintained at 9.5 by automated addition of alkali (3N NaOH). The substrate was fed from the bottom of the reactor using a 120 S Watson Marlow peristaltic pump. To avoid the cell washout during continuous reactor operation an in-house designed lamella clarifier was connected to the digester outlet. The digester outlet was allowed to settle in the clarifier and the settled sludge was recycled back into the reactor, however, the permeate containing VFAs was collected separately.
Necessity of water treatment to meet lake water quality goals in Chitgar Lake
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2021
Javad Bayat, Seyed Hossein Hashemi, Mir Fazel Nikzad, Seyed Mohammad Reza Talakesh
The lake water treatment plant (WTP), with a capacity of 0.4 m3/sec (34,560 m3/d), has operated since October 2016. It removes TP (to less than 0.02 mg/L), suspended particles (such as algae), turbidity, and bacteria from the water entering the lake from the river during 2 to 4 months of a refilling period, January to April, and treats lake water during at least 8 months of recycling, from May to December, through physical and chemical processes. Every day about 0.5 to 0.6% of the lake water passes through the WTP during the recycling period. Treatment was expected to improve water quality in the lake in the long run. Treatment includes screening (10 mm and 3 mm), microstrainers (10 µm), coagulation and flocculation through injection of FeCl3, lime, and polyelectrolyte, sedimentation (lamella clarifier), filtration (double-layer filter of sand and anthracite), and disinfection with NaOCl. This process can reduce the TP concentration of the treated water to less than 0.02 mg/L before the water enters or returns to the lake.