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2 Activity for Wastewater Treatment
Published in Uma Shanker, Manviri Rani, Liquid and Crystal Nanomaterials for Water Pollutants Remediation, 2022
Shipra Mital Gupta, Babita Sharma, S.K. Sharma
Residue which accumulates during the treatment of wastewater is called sludge. Sewage sludge in waste-water is present generally in the form of slurry, solid, and semi-solid, which is formed as a by-product of waste-water treatment techniques. The residue is usually categorized as primary or secondary sludge. Primary sludge is produced from sedimentation, chemical precipitation, or other primary processes, while secondary sludge is produced from biological treatments.
Classification and Sources of Pollutants
Published in Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore, Introduction to Environmental Management, 2021
Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore
Sewage sludge is the solid, semisolid, or liquid residue produced from treating municipal wastewater. Some sewage sludges contain high levels of disease-carrying microorganisms, toxic metals, or toxic organic chemicals. Because of the large quantities generated, sewage sludge is a major waste management problem in a number of municipalities [2].
Groundwater Protection
Published in William Goldfarb, Water Law, 2020
Sources designed to discharge substances include subsurface percolation (e.g., septic systems and cesspools), injection wells, and land application of wastewater and sludge. Subsurface percolation is not regulated at the federal level. Land application of wastewater and sludge is regulated under the Clean Water Act. Injection wells are regulated through the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program authorized by the Safe Drinking Water Act. “Underground injection” is defined as underground disposal of liquid wastes by discharge into wells that are deeper than they are wide. Injection of brine or other fluids from oil and gas operations and underground injection for secondary or tertiary recovery of hydrocarbons can only be regulated where “essential” to protect drinking water.
Evaluation of impact of sludge types and solids content on sludge treatment using microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Moutoshi Saha, Asha Srinivasan, Ping Huang Liao, Kwang Victor Lo
Management of large quantities of sewage sludge produced during wastewater treatment processes often poses significant challenges for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Sewage sludge handling and disposal may contribute to about 30%−50% of the costs of a WWTP [1]. The environmental pollution potential of sewage sludge is severe due to the presence of pathogens, nutrients, heavy metals and other organic contaminants in it [2,3]. Conventional methods of sludge disposal include land application as fertilizers, landfill disposal and incineration. These methods have significant public health and environmental concerns associated with the release of odour, heavy metals, greenhouse gases and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from sludge [4,5,6]. The development of stringent regulations for biosolids disposal has restricted these traditional ways of sludge disposal and increased the need to treat sludge in a cost-effective and sustainable way [7,6].
Vacuum-assisted thermal drying of wastewater treatment sludge
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2021
Yasar Avsar, Arslan Saral, Fatih Ilhan, Bahar Akyuz, Mustafa Talha Gonullu
Sludge is a byproduct of wastewater treatment for both domestic and industrial processes. Sewage sludge is an unwanted but inevitable byproduct of wastewater treatment process (Jinping, Jinhua, and Yunjiao 2016). Because of the high water content and some hazardous substances, sludge management becomes increasingly important in terms of environmental point of view. To handle large quantities of sludge, an effective approach is to reduce its volume by decreasing the water content as much as possible (Haberl and Salzer 1992; Teng et al. 2020; Zhong-Sen et al. 2019). The principle of sludge treatment is reduction, stabilization, harmlessness, and resourced utilization (Pina et al. 2019). Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and some industrial treatment plants are also sources of high sludge quantities, which include a high number of pathogens, a high portion of water, and organic matter (Mawioo et al. 2017).
CO-drying characteristics of sticky sewage sludge pre-conditioned with biomass and coal
Published in Drying Technology, 2020
Zhao Lijuan, Yang Junhong, Wang Shanshan, Wu Zhonghua
The valorization of the wastewater sludge has become one of the key environmental problem as a result of the continuously increasing quantity of sludge generated from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Currently there are some sludge disposal methods, such as sanitary landfill, direct land use, composting, and incineration.[1,2] However, a critical parameter hindering the efficiency of these management routes is the high sludge moisture content of above 80% and previous studies have shown the importance of the thermal drying on reducing the sludge moisture.[3–6] Thermal drying not only substantially reduces the sludge mass and volume, it also raises its calorific values, making it better adapted to be incinerated and utilized as a soil amendment[7] Thus, thermal drying is a necessary step before sludge valorization.