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Field Investigation Techniques for Potentially Contaminated Sites
Published in Kofi Asante-Duah, Management of Contaminated Site Problems, 2019
Oftentimes, intrusive tools for environmental site investigation are required to penetrate the soil so that soil and groundwater samples can be collected at specified depths below the surface. These tools include traditional and innovative drilling methods, driven well points, and sampling equipment. Drilling techniques may include traditional geotechnical drilling methods using hollow stem augers (HSAs), as well as water well drilling methods using rotary rigs; more contemporaneous methods include sonic and directional drilling. It is noteworthy that, “drive-down” methods, including penetrometers, generally would not work in rock formations—but then can be used rather quickly and efficiently for rapid soil and groundwater sampling, whenever appropriate. The sampling equipment of interest includes fixed samplers and probes that are often placed downhole and can be used to transmit data or to bring water or vapor samples to the surface; coring is often used to collect subsurface materials for inspection and analysis.
Introduction
Published in Barry G. Clarke, Engineering of Glacial Deposits, 2017
Following the desk study it is necessary to undertake an intrusive investigation to develop a full understanding of the topographical, geological, geotechnical and hydrogeological models. Indeed, BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013 (Eurocode 7) states that ‘Knowledge of the ground conditions depends on the extent and quality of the geotechnical investigations. Such knowledge and the control of workmanship are usually more significant to fulfilling the fundamental requirements than is precision in the calculation models and partial factors’.
Site investigation
Published in David Chapman, Nicole Metje, Alfred Stärk, Introduction to Tunnel Construction, 2017
David Chapman, Nicole Metje, Alfred Stärk
Intrusive exploration is used for obtaining samples/cores of the ground for visual examinations and laboratory testing, and also for conducting in situ testing to determine the ground characteristics and primary stress conditions.
Lithostratigraphy of Paleozoic metasediments in southern Fiordland, New Zealand
Published in New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 2023
Richard Jongens, Ian M. Turnbull, Andrew H. Allibone
This unit overlies False Edgecumbe Formation west of the Heath Mountains, and is defined by regularly bedded and graded metasandstone and metasiltstone, with rare metaconglomerate (after Ward 1984). Metavolcanics are noticeably absent. The formation is disrupted by mid Paleozoic intrusions and no complete type section exists. The western part of the formation is typified by a section from the basal contact with False Edgecumbe Formation (disrupted by a metadacite dike or sill) at 1126630E 4913900N, east to an intrusive contact with the Dolphin Intrusive Complex at 1127220E 4914290N. The eastern part of the formation extends from a contact with the same intrusion at 1129910E 4915140N to the gradational contact with Mike River Formation at 1130510E 4914900N. These two sections may or may not be contiguous.
The Broken Hill Block, a new structure and mineral exploration target areas
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2022
The construction of the cross-sections has enabled the construction of the 22 km long longitudinal section through the Line of Lode (section L). This section is relevant to the location of Broken Hill-type mineral deposits at depth along strike and highlights the cross-folds present along the Line of Lode. The longitudinal section shows interpretive trace lines of projections of five plunge-reversing Line of Lode features. Centre of the zinc lodes at the southern end of the Line of Lode.Centre of No. 2 and 3 lenses from NBHC Haulage Shaft north to the 2K deposit, and beyond.Keel of the antiformal syncline fold B, at the contact of Broken Hill and Sundown groups, inclusive of the main Line of Lode.Nose of the synformal anticline fold A, at the contact of the Sundown and Broken Hill groups, inclusive of mineral deposits of the Burke Street/Globe and Imperial/Cosgroves/Round Hill lines.Crest of Alma Granite Gneiss (intrusive sill in fold C).Note that the zinc lodes and No. 2 and 3 lenses are within the overall environs of fold B.
Investigation on the morphological and mineralogical properties of coarse aggregates under VSI crushing operation
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2021
Chonghui Wang, Hainian Wang, Markus Oeser, Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
Three different types of particles, namely, granite aggregates originated from Fujian, diabase aggregates originated from Guangdong, and limestone aggregates from Guangxi were chosen for this study, as depicted in Figure 2, since they are commonly used as construction materials in China for pavement engineering. Granite is one typical intrusive igneous grain which mainly consists of quartz, feldspar, chlorite, and biotite. Diabase is determined as subvolcanic rock or shallow intrusive rock, which equivalent to plutonic gabbro. Limestone is one sort of sedimentary rocks which mainly developed by skeletal fragments of marine creatures, and like other sedimentary rocks, limestone dominantly composed of calcium carbonate. Polishing stone value measurements revealed that the PSV of granite is 57, and that of diabase and limestone is 61 and 32, respectively.