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Characteristics of Watershed
Published in Sandeep Samantaray, Abinash Sahoo, Dillip K. Ghose, Watershed Management and Applications of AI, 2021
Sandeep Samantaray, Abinash Sahoo, Dillip K. Ghose
The representation of cumulative relation between the area and elevation in a watershed within elevation intervals is called hypsometric curve. The curve is drawn by plotting elevation (metre) as ordinate and area (m2) within the watershed as abscissa. It helps in comparing characteristics of area and elevation of a watershed. The comparison may be made by development of a regional hypsometric curve with that of a standard hypsometric curve of the watershed in that region. After standardization of hypsometric curves in every watershed, a mean curve may be developed for region where standardized data are unavailable for the neighbouring watersheds. An index of hypsometric curves for an area-elevation characteristic of a single-valued index of watershed is shown in Figure 2.5.
Regional debris flow susceptibility analysis in mountainous peri-urban areas through morphometric and land cover indicators
Published in María Carolina Rogelis Prada, Operational Flood Forecasting, Warning and Response for Multi-Scale Flood Risks in Developing Cities, 2020
The hypsometric curve and the hypsometric integral are non-dimensional measures of the proportion of the catchment above a given elevation [Willgoose and Hancock, 1998]. The hypsometric curve describes the landmass distribution and thus the potential energy distribution within the basin above its base [Luo and Harlin, 2003]. This curve can be seen as an exceedence distribution of normalised elevation where the probability of exceedence is determined by the portion of the basin area that lies above the specified elevation [Huang and Niemann, 2008]. The hypsometric integral is defined as the area below the hypsometric curve. Values near to 1 in the hypsometric integral indicate a state of youth and are typical of convex curves. Nevertheless, mature s-shaped hypsometric curves can present a great variety of shapes, but have the same hypsometric integral value [Pérez-Peña et al., 2009]. In order to analyse the hypsometric properties of the watersheds, the procedure described by Harlin [1978] was used: the hypsometric curve was treated as a cumulative distribution function. The second, third and fourth moments were derived about the centroids, yielding measures of skewness and kurtosis for the hypsometric curves, which are represented by a continuous third order polynomial function.
Fundamental Physics
Published in Vanesa Magar, Sediment Transport and Morphodynamics Modelling for Coasts and Shallow Environments, 2020
The simplest model of intertidal flat morphology was proposed by Friedrichs & Aubrey (2013), using the concept of hypsometry. Hypsometry was formally introduced to the field of geomorphology by Strahler (1952). It quantifies the distribution of elevation or relief from a base level across a drainage basin, through an hypsometric curve (HC), and the cumulative horizontal basin area as a function of elevation, through an hypsometric integral (HI). This simplest intertidal flat morphology model is based on the assumption that the maximum tidal velocity magnitude, U=πLT,x≤L2,
Estimation of flood influencing characteristics of watershed and their impact on flooding in data-scarce region
Published in Annals of GIS, 2021
Vikas Kumar Rana, Tallavajhala Maruthi Venkata Suryanarayana
The hypsometric analysis is useful to understand the geomorphometric stage of a River basin and to assess factors forcing the basin evolution (Markose and Jayappa 2011). By graphing the relative area along the abscissa and relative elevation along the ordinate, the hypsometric curve is obtained. The relative area is obtained as a ratio between the area above a particular contour and the total area of the watershed encompassing the outlet. The relative elevation is calculated as the ratio between the height of a given contour (h) from the base plane and the maximum basin elevation (H) (up to the remote point of the watershed from the outlet) (Sarangi et al. 2001; Lama and Maiti 2019). The curve obtained provides a measure of the distribution of land mass volume remaining below or above a basal reference plane. The area under the hypsometric curve (Hypsometric integral (HI)) indicates the erosion process dynamics in a watershed. The shape of the hypsometry curve shows the evolutionary stage of a basin. As illustrated in (Figure 5) the curves with convex shapes are related to young basin morphologies while basins with concave curved shapes are more mature basins.
Geomorphic mapping and analysis of neotectonic structures in the piedmont alluvial zone of Haryana state, NW-India: a remote-sensing and GPR based approach
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2023
Harsh Kumar, R. S. Chatterjee, R. C. Patel, Abhishek Rawat, Somalin Nath
The hypsometric curve describes the elevation distribution in an area ranging from one simple drainage basin to the entire planet, independent of the size of the basin. The hypsometric curve is created by plotting the relative basin height (h/H) against the relative basin area (a/A) (Keller and Pinter 2002). The total height represents the relief of the area (maximum elevation – minimum elevation). The total surface area of the basins is the sum of the area between each pair of adjacent contour lines. The area (a) is the surface area within the basin above a given elevation (h). The value of relative area (a/A) always varies from 1.0 at the lowest point in the basin to 0.0 at the highest point in the basin.
Sustainable design of tailings dams using geotechnical and geomorphic analysis
Published in CIM Journal, 2022
N. Slingerland, F. Zhang, N. A. Beier
To quantify the relative maturity of each of the four topographic dam designs before and after LEM simulations, geomorphic descriptors were used. The mean elevation of the dam was measured to provide an indication of the amount of topographic change that had occurred. The hypsometric integral is a dimensionless measure of geomorphic maturity for a slope or landform and is calculated as the difference between the maximum and mean elevation divided by the difference between the maximum and minimum elevation. The lower the hypsometric integral, the more mature is the hillslope (theoretically).