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Hydrological cycle and its principal processes
Published in Amithirigala Widhanelage Jayawardena, Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources for Civil Engineers, 2021
Amithirigala Widhanelage Jayawardena
In scientific hydrology, it is studied under the following areas: Hydrometeorology: study of problems intermediate between the fields of hydrology and meteorology, e.g., precipitation, evaporation, etc.Limnology: study of lakesCryology: study of snow and icePotamology: study of surface waterGeo-hydrology (groundwater hydrology): study of groundwaterOceanology: study of the oceans.
Multimodal multiscale characterization of cascading hazard on mountain terrain
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2023
Rocky Talchabhadel, Shreedhar Maskey, Manish R. Gouli, Kshitij Dahal, Amrit Thapa, Sanjib Sharma, Amod M. Dixit, Saurav Kumar
This study characterizes the hydrology and hydrometeorology of the 2021 Melamchi flood of Nepal. A catastrophic debris flood hit the Melamchi Bazar, located 60 km north-east of Kathmandu, on June 15, 2021 (Maharjan et al. 2021; Pandey et al. 2021; Takamatsu et al. 2022). The Melamchi flood killed five people, six were injured, twenty-three remained missing, and over five hundred were displaced (Maharjan et al. 2021; Pandey et al. 2021; Takamatsu et al. 2022). This event has impacted different systems and sectors, including human settlement, transportation, energy, agricultural land, and ecosystems (Maharjan et al. 2021; Pandey et al. 2021; Takamatsu et al. 2022; Gautam et al. 2022). The flood interrupted critical infrastructure facilities, including roadways, utility power poles, bridges, and water supply systems. In addition, the headworks for the $800 million Melamchi Project supplying water to Kathmandu were buried under rock and mud (Petley 2021; Takamatsu et al. 2022; Gautam et al. 2022).
Implementing the GEOSS water strategy: from observations to decisions
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2023
Richard Lawford, Sushel Unninayar, George J. Huffman, Wolfgang Grabs, Angélica Gutiérrez, Chu Ishida-Watanabe, Toshio Koike
Many national and international agencies in the U.S.A., Europe and Asia are engaged in GEOGloWS. GEOGloWS receives support from NASA, NOAA, the Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) in France, the World Bank, and other U.S. and international agencies. NASA funded four major GEOGloWS projects, three of which supported the capacity development theme and one which supported the interoperability theme, along with many smaller projects supported through the NASA DEVELOP program.2 NOAA supports the initiative by providing the time and travel for its co-chair and provides services and products in the fields of hydrology and hydrometeorology. More recently, funded projects have also come from the CNES and the World Bank. GEOGloWS has strong ties to AmeriGEO (the Coordination Framework for GEOSS in the Americas) and has initiated many studies in Latin America that support the Strategy’s recommendations. Further details of GEOGloWS activities that support Themes 1, 3 and 4 of the Strategy are given in the GEOGloWS 2020–2022 (GEO 2019a) and 2023–2025 Work Plans (GEO 2022b).
Small Basin Governance scheme: linking water sector reforms and governance in the Aral Sea Basin
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2022
Following recruitment and training, the project team in each country followed the steps outlined in the third section, from inception visits and stakeholder analysis to meetings and training workshops to establish the SBCs; determine the general procedures and mandates for their membership, leadership and functioning; and begin basin planning activities. SBCs on both sides of the Aspara were established in March and April 2013. There were 13 SBC members on the Kyrgyz side and 17 on the Kazakh side of the river; they represented as many as 10 interest groups (Table 7). Nine of the groups were common to both sides, representing district and rural governments, water management organizations, farmers, water research institutes, environmental NGOs, and various local authorities responsible for hydrometeorology, the environment, epidemiological health and border control. Only a few groups were specific to each side.