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Pipe networks
Published in Amithirigala Widhanelage Jayawardena, Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources for Civil Engineers, 2021
Amithirigala Widhanelage Jayawardena
The principles are the same as before. Therefore, the net head loss round any loop must be zero, and the net flow into any junction must be zero. It is, however, almost impractical to attempt to solve pipe networks analytically. Trial and error methods are very tedious and time-consuming. Methods of successive approximations are therefore employed. Hardy Cross Method (Cross, 1936) is one in which the head losses are balanced by correcting assumed flows, or flows are balanced by correcting assumed heads. The former type is more common.
Water Resources Engineering
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
For a given pipe system, with known junction outflows, the Hardy-Cross method is an iterative procedure based on initially estimated flows in pipes. Estimated pipe flows are corrected with iteration until head losses in the clockwise direction and in the counter clockwise direction are equal within each loop.
An easy MS Excel software to use for water distribution system design: A real case distribution network design solution
Published in Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2020
After future water demand is predicted, the design of a WDN requires determination of pipe diameters as well as system pressures. The system pressures can be easily calculated using pipe headlosses once a converged solution is obtained. The adjustment of system pressures within the desired ranges can be accomplished by changing the water level in the reservoir tank. In the Hardy-Cross method, therefore, the objective is to determine optimum pipe diameters and the hydraulic solution of the system with these optimum set of pipe diameters. This is accomplished by trial and error.