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Fundamentals
Published in Mike Tooley, Lloyd Dingle, Engineering Science, 2020
The principle of the conservation of energy states that: energy may neither be created nor destroyed, only changed from one form to another. There are many engineering examples of devices that transform energy; these include the: loudspeaker which transforms electrical to sound energy,petrol engine which transforms heat to mechanical energy,microphone which transforms sound to electrical energy,dynamo which transforms mechanical to electrical energy,battery which transforms chemical to electrical energy,filament bulb which transforms electrical to light energy.
Generic design strategies for energy-efficient, low-carbon buildings
Published in Paul Tymkow, Savvas Tassou, Maria Kolokotroni, Hussam Jouhara, Building Services Design for Energy-Efficient Buildings, 2020
Paul Tymkow, Savvas Tassou, Maria Kolokotroni, Hussam Jouhara
Many countries have legislation in place to regulate the conservation of energy in buildings. Building services designers must create and submit their design proposals to the relevant authorities in the required format to achieve compliance in accordance with the prevailing legislation, both at the design stage and post-completion. In England and Wales, the Building Regulations Approved Document Part L 2013 (HMG 2016) is the document covering the conservation of fuel and power. There were minor non-technical amendments in 2016. The Approved Document provides practical guidance on ways in which compliance can be achieved for the relevant energy efficiency requirements of the Building Regulations. Reference is made here to selected aspects only of Part L 2013 (with 2016 amendments) for the purpose of providing some context of regulatory frameworks and how they influence the design approach. However, it should be noted that revised Part L regulations are anticipated in 2020. It is expected that these will change the design approach fundamentally.
Introduction to geotechnical engineering
Published in Hsai-Yang Fang, John L. Daniels, Introductory Geotechnical Engineering, 2017
Hsai-Yang Fang, John L. Daniels
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but rather is transformed from one form to another. We also know from basic physics and chemistry that energy gradients are the main causes for particle movement from one place to another. Particle motion, whether it is monotonic or dynamic, originates from particle behavior under energies such as radiation, heat, electrical, potential, kinetic, etc. Basic types of load used in geotechnical engineering are static (e.g. foundation) and dynamic (e.g. earthquake or vibration) loads. Indeed, the response of soil to these types of loading conditions is of prime importance in geotechnical engineering and remains the focus of this text. However, it should be noted that most mechanical energy field related problems are considered short-term, with the exception of excess pore pressure dissipation (Ch. 9). Moreover, the influence of local environmental conditions is often neglected. Unfortunately, most geotechnical projects occur in nature and, therefore, must be considered as long-term installations constructed outdoors where they will be open to various environmental effects. Further discussions on these aspects will be presented in Chapters 4 and 5.
Validity of a device designed to measure braking power in bicycle disc brakes
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2018
Matthew C. Miller, Philip W. Fink, Paul William Macdermid, Blake G. Perry, Stephen R. Stannard
The most intuitive method for brake measurement would be to measure brake power, which is easily converted to a quantity of energy. Indeed, brake power can be integrated to calculate the work done each time the brakes are used, thus indicating the energy removed from the bicycle-rider system through braking. By estimating aerodynamic drag and rolling resistance, it is possible to account for the majority of resistive forces acting on a cyclist while riding in field conditions (Bertucci, Rogier, & Reiser, 2013). Therefore, the sum of aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance and work done in the brakes is indicative of the measurable energy removed from the bicycle-rider system during each braking event. The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be changed in form. As such, the total energy removed during each braking event is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the bicycle-rider system. By comparing these two energy loss equations, it may be possible to determine the validity of brake power measurements.
Energy conservation policy and environment for a clean and sustainable energy future
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2018
Energy conservation is one of the important elements of sustainable frameworks and models. Many sustainability projects focus especially on conservation. Energy conservation decreases the savings possible through energy efficiency developments (Faghihi et al. 2015). Increased energy conservation is a critical element of sustainable future. Energy conservation means decreasing energy use by voluntary human effort to save energy (Woodrow 2010). Decreased energy consumption through conservation can utilize not only energy consumers by decreasing their energy costs, but also the society. High energy prices act to hold energy costs down by incentive energy conservation (Bilgen and Sarıkaya 2016). Energy conservation increase energy efficiency and can frequently be the most cost-effective and reliable option, if applied correctly (Rao et al. 2005).
Studies on process optimization of biodiesel production from waste cooking and palm oil
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2018
Santosh A. Kadapure, Prasanna Kirti, Sabhaya Singh, Sagar Kokatnur, Neeraj Hiremath, Akhil Variar, Shagufta Shaikh, Raju Chittaragi
The energy demand of the world is increasing fast mainly because of the rapid growth of human population and industrialisation by fast developing countries (Suresh, Kamath, and Banapurmath 2014). Fortunately, people all over the world are becoming aware of the problem of consuming too much of energy and are making conscious efforts to conserve it and avoid pressure on the mother earth. Conservation of energy helps to lower the amount of pollutants released into the air and protect the environment. The interaction between the natural resources and the population needs to be balanced in order to ensure the continuity of the human race. So, energy is essential to life and its conservation has become all more an absolute necessity.