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Groundwater contamination by inorganic contaminants in the alluvial plains of Punjab, North-western India
Published in Poul L. Bjerg, Peter Engesgaard, Thomas D. Krom, Groundwater 2000, 2020
Vikas Chaudhary, Gunnar Jacks, Prosun Bhattacharya, K.P. Singh
Increasing demand for water necessitates exploitation of the groundwater resources. To safeguard the long-term sustainability of groundwater the water quality needs regular monitoring. Groundwater pollution impairs its suitability and creates hazards to public health through toxicity. In contrast to surface water pollution, pollution of groundwater is difficult to detect and is even more difficult to control it may persist for decades. Efforts are required to prevent, reduce so to eliminate Ludhiana’s groundwater contamination.
Shale gas in Europe
Published in Tina Soliman Hunter, Ignacio Herrera Anchustegui, Penelope Crossley, Gloria M. Alvarez, Routledge Handbook of Energy Law, 2020
The Water Framework Directive and the Groundwater Directive both deal with the quality of groundwater and try to achieve a good quality of this resource from two different angles. The Groundwater Directive recommends specific measures to prevent and control groundwater pollution. Its aim is to monitor groundwater quality, which will also have to be done in the context of shale gas extraction.
Human health risk assessment via groundwater DNAPLs migration model
Published in Chongfu Huang, Zoe Nivolianitou, Risk Analysis Based on Data and Crisis Response Beyond Knowledge, 2019
Yue Pan, Xiankui Zeng, Jichun Wu, Dong Wang
With rapid industrialization and excessive agricultural activities, groundwater pollution has become an important environmental issue that threatens ecosystems and human health. In addition to the conventional pollutants, such as heavy metals, nitrogen, chlorine and so on, various organic pollutants with complex physical and chemical properties have gradually attracted the attention of the society. This type of organic pollutants is denser than water and insoluble in water. It is dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). Because the physical and chemical properties of such pollutants are more complicated than soluble pollutants, it increases the difficulty of monitoring and controlling groundwater pollution (Haley et al. 1991). In order to control the threaten of DNAPL in groundwater to human health, the health risk to DNAPLs has become an important part of groundwater environmental management.
Influence of the carbon source concentration on the nitrate removal rate in groundwater
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Ruinan Liu, Lu Xia, Manxi Liu, Zongjun Gao, Jianguo Feng, Haichi You, Wanlong Qu, Tongju Xing, Jing Wang, Yanli Zhao
Groundwater, as the source of human life, is currently facing a series of pollution problems, and methods to resolve the problem of groundwater pollution have been widely studied. There are two main kinds of groundwater pollution sources, namely, natural pollution sources and man-made pollution sources. Due to human activities, such as the discharge of urban solid and liquid waste, agricultural activities, and mining activities, all kinds of pollutants enter groundwater, resulting in deterioration of the groundwater quality. There are many kinds of pollutants in groundwater, which can be divided into chemical pollutants, biological pollutants and radioactive pollutants. As a chemical pollutant, nitrate pollution is becoming increasingly serious in the groundwater environment of China. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite in the human stomach. Nitrite reacts with secondary amines to form nitrosamines, which are so-called carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic substances. Too much nitrate in drinking water may also produce denatured hemochromatosis in infants. Therefore, the degradation of nitrate in groundwater is urgent [1].
A GIS-based analysis of intrinsic vulnerability, pollution load, and function value for the assessment of groundwater pollution and health risk
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2022
Yuanyuan Wang, Kang Fu, Han Zhang, Guangyi He, Rui Zhao, Cheng Yang
Groundwater is an ideal water source for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses due to its wide distribution and relatively stable water quality (Shrestha et al. 2017). It also has many irreplaceable functions, such as recharging the surface water body, and supporting the ecosystem health (Li and Jennings 2018). However, the chemical composition, physical properties, and biological characteristics of groundwater can be impacted by anthropogenic activities to some extent. In many countries, groundwater contamination has been spreading from shallow aquifers to deep aquifers, and from cities to rural areas (Siddha and Sahu 2020). In China, its groundwater ecological environment has been particularly under pressure in recent decades due to the rapid population growth and economic development. The sources of groundwater pollution are various, and include agricultural activities, intensive grazing, and the discharging of domestic and industrial wastewater (Panagopoulos et al. 2006; Mogheir et al. 2009; Yehia et al. 2017). Polluted groundwater is difficult to recover completely due to the high economic costs involved, long replenishment time, and limitations of current technologies (Li et al. 2018). Therefore, taking effective measures to prevent more groundwater pollution from occurring is important for both the sustainable development of groundwater resources and the protection of the ecological environment (Azizullah et al. 2011; Yehia et al. 2017; Zhu et al. 2019).
Pollution risk assessment based on source apportionment in a groundwater resource area, NE China
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2018
Rui Zuo, Li Meng, Bin Wang, Jinsheng Wang, Fei Ding, Xueru Guo, Shuhe Jin, Yanguo Teng
Groundwater pollution is a complex, possibly invisible, phenomenon with long-term impacts (Al-Adamat et al. 2003; Shrestha et al. 2016). A groundwater vulnerability assessment is considered the most effective means of informing authorities about the possible pollution activities in the future; however, it still has a recognizable usage worldwide (Wang et al. 2012; Leng et al. 2016). The most widely used method of vulnerability evaluation is the DRASTIC model, as it is easy to use, requires minimum data, and can provide a clear description of the prevalent groundwater vulnerability (Chitsazan et al. 2009). Additionally, the DRASTIC model can provide relatively accurate results for extensive regions with complex geological structures, even in the absence of specific measurement indices (Kazakis et al. 2015). The pollution risk of groundwater is, however, considered to be of greater importance than the intrinsic vulnerability, as factors that affect the intrinsic vulnerability (such as the groundwater depth, net recharge rate, and soil media) constantly change due to human activity (Huan et al. 2016). Regional groundwater pollution, including the natural processes such as groundwater recharge, water-rock interaction, and anthropogenic activities (agricultural production, industrial growth, or urbanization; Güler et al. 2012), as well as the groundwater quality, is usually characterized by significant spatio-temporal variability under diverse conditions (Moya et al. 2015). Therefore, the identification and quantification of potential pollution sources and improving the accuracy of groundwater pollution risk assessment has gradually become a focus of research.