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Petroleum Geophysical Survey
Published in Muhammad Abdul Quddus, Petroleum Science and Technology, 2021
A geophysical survey is the practical application of the principles of physics to study the earth. The earth’s crust is heterogeneous and anisotropic (different colors/properties in different areas). So variations in geology and in physical properties are expected. Geophysical data of the sedimentary rock down to about 10 km depth, both vertically and horizontally, are recorded and correlated in a geophysical survey. After obtaining enough experimental field data, the results are processed and interpreted with the help of rock geology. The possibility or absence of possibility of finding oil/gas in the surveyed area is worked out.
Field Investigation Techniques for Potentially Contaminated Sites
Published in Kofi Asante-Duah, Management of Contaminated Site Problems, 2019
Geophysical techniques have been used in many “non-environmental” applications within other industries (principally the petroleum and mining industries) for several decades now. Increasingly, traditional geophysical technologies have found new and innovative uses in the investigation of contaminated site problems. In its environmental applications, geophysical survey techniques may, for instance, be used to determine the lateral extent of past landfilling activities, define areas that may have extensive disturbed soil formations, gage the possible presence of unknown buried metallic objects or voids, and to demarcate and clear utilities so that drilling activities may take place. These techniques may also assist in the placement of groundwater monitoring wells, along with estimating the existence of preferential groundwater flow directions. In general, geophysical survey methods can be particularly useful when evaluating the following: Lithologic characteristics (e.g., stratigraphy, soil and rock properties, and fault location/orientation)Aquifer properties (e.g., location of water table, moisture content, permeability, and water movement)Borehole casing characterization (e.g., construction details, borehole deviation, corrosion, and screen plugs).Borehole fluid characteristics (e.g., water chemistry and salinity).Characterizing contaminants (e.g., contaminant chemistry, hydrocarbon detection, and buried object detection).
Investigation of foundation bed’s characteristics and environmental safety assessment in some parts of Bayelsa State, south–south Nigeria
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Theophilus Aanuoluwa Adagunodo, Oyelowo Gabriel Bayowa, Ayobami Ismaila Ojoawo, Olusegun Oladotun Adewoyin, Patrick Omoregie Isibor, Emmanuel Ayibaifie Jephthah, Nicholas Oliseloke Anie
The rate at which structural failures occur recently in Nigeria is terrifying (Akintorinwa & Adelusi, 2009; Awoyera et al., 2021; Ede, 2010; Hammed et al., 2017). Its occurrence has led to the loss of lives and invaluable properties in Nigeria and some other developing countries (Dimuna, 2010). Some of the contributing factors to incessant structural failures in these developing nations include inadequate experience about the nature of the near-surface structures, usage of substandard materials for constructions, extraordinary loads, unprofessional/bad designs, foundation failure and natural disasters (such as earthquake, fire, flood, among others) (Dimuna, 2010; Oyeyemi et al., 2020). Reports had shown that most of the failures in Nigeria (when classified in terms of geological settings) occurred in sedimentary environments (Awoyera et al., 2021; Ede, 2010; Odeyemi et al., 2019; Okagbue et al., 2018; Oseghale et al., 2015). To properly understand the nature of the near-surface structures before the construction of any civil engineering structure, it is imperative to carry out a geophysical survey at the subsurface to determine its competence or suitability (Hammed et al., 2018).