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Water Distribution
Published in Subhash Verma, Varinder S. Kanwar, Siby John, Environmental Engineering, 2022
Subhash Verma, Varinder S. Kanwar, Siby John
Unlike gate valves, globe valves allow for throttling and pressure regulation. Globe valves are used exclusively on pipes with diameters of 100 mm or smaller. In a diaphragm valve, a flexible piece inside the valve’s body can be moved up or down to adjust the opening size. The diaphragm is made of flexible material such as rubber or leather.
Overview of the Fermentation Industry
Published in Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit, Industrial Biotechnology, 2021
Gate valve: This valve is used in the harvesting lines of reactors. The gate valve functions by inserting a gate into the path of the flow to restrict it, in a manner similar to the action of a sliding door. Gate valves are more often used for on/off control (e.g. drain outlet of the fermentation broth) than for throttling.
Water Distribution
Published in Samuel C. Sugarman, HVAC Fundamentals, 2020
A gate valve is a service valve used for tight shutoff to isolate part or all of the system in order to service or remove equipment. A gate valve regulates flow only to the extent that they are either fully open or fully closed. Even though a gate valve has a low pressure drop it cannot be used for throttling. The internal construction of a gate valve is such that when the plug is only partly opened, the resulting high velocity water stream will cause erosion of the valve plug and seat. This is known as “wire drawing.” The erosion of the plug and seat will allow water leakage when the valve is used for tight shutoff.
Effect of number of the nozzle and cold mass fraction on the performance of counter flow vortex tube using the computational fluid dynamic analysis
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Experiments were conducted with three sets of inlet nozzles to validate the CFD model. Figure 16 shows the schematic diagram and photograph of the experimental set-up. The compressor was run for 20 min to get steady-state condition at 8 bar. Then the gate valve was slowly opened. The air enters into the vortex tube after passing through the pressure regulator and rotameter where the inlet volume flow rate was measured. The volume flow rate at the cold end was measured by another rotameter. The temperature at inlet, cold end and hot end were measured using ‘T’ type thermocouples at different pressures by adjusting the pressure regulator at different positions of the control valve. Figure 17 shows the different types of number of nozzles in brass materials. Figures 18Figure 19.–20 show the variation of experimental and CFD cold outlet temperature with inlet pressure. It is observed that experiential and CFD values of cold air temperature are closer, which suggests that the present CFD model is good enough to study the performance of the vortex tube.
Assessment of dual-fuel diesel engine performance by modulating biogas flow rate and intake charge preheating
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Achinta Sarkar, Ujjwal K. Saha
The pressure developed in the combustion chamber and high-pressure fuel line is measured with the piezo type sensors firmed with the engine high-pressure fuel line. At each of the rotation of the crank angle, the pressure (P)–volume (V)–crank angle (θ) data have been collected monitored online through the computerised data acquisition system. The parameters BFR, air and, water flow rates into the engine and the calorimeter, and temperature at different terminals are measured with the devices as can be seen in Figure 1. A newly developed cross flow heat exchanger is attached to the set up to preheat the biogas–air mixture as the intake charge. The differential U-tube manometers are used to measure the heat exchanger terminals pressure depression. The complete setup is shown in Figure 1. The BFR is modulated with a gate valve. The emissions have been measured with AVL DIGAS 444n analyser. The analyser specifications are presented in Table 3.
CFD analysis on Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube with different cold orifice diameter and cold mass fraction
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Experiments were conducted with three different cold orifices to validate the CFD model. Figure 14 shows the schematic diagram and photograph of the experimental set-up. Figure 15 shows the different cold orifice diameter used for the experiments. The compressor was run for 20 min to get steady-state condition at 8 bar. Then the gate valve is slowly opened. The air enters into the vortex tube after passing through the pressure regulator and rotameter where the inlet volume flow rate is measured. The volume flow rate at the cold end is measured by another rotameter. The temperatures at the inlet, cold end and hot end were measured using ‘T’ type thermocouples at different pressure by adjusting the pressure regulator at different position of the control valve. Figures 16–18 show the variation of experimental and CFD cold outlet temperature with an inlet pressure of 5 bar. It is observed that experiential and CFD values of cold air temperature are closer, which suggests that the present CFD model is good enough to study the performance of the vortex tube.