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Volcanoes and Their Products
Published in Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough, Earth Materials, 2019
Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough
In the absence of a volcanic eruption, volcanic gases may reach the surface to form fumaroles, openings where volcanic gases are emitted for prolonged times. Some fumaroles, such as the one in Figure 7.28 on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii, are associated with significant sulfur deposits because, when gases reach the surface, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases escape into the air, leaving sulfur behind. The inset in Figure 7.28 shows massive sulfur at Mauna Loa, with a glove for scale.
Geothermal Power Generation
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Kreith, Energy Conversion, 2017
In the exploration phase, geothermal water is collected from surface springs or fumaroles for clues as to the nature of the geothermal resource. For example, the relative concentrations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium in the water tell geochemists whether the fluid started out hot and then cooled (indicating a high-temperature resource elsewhere and indicating commercial geothermal resource potential) or whether the observed temperature of the fluid is close to the maximum temperature of the resource (not hot enough for power production).
Reactive astrogliosis in the dentate gyrus of mice exposed to active volcanic environments
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
A. Navarro, M. García, A.S. Rodrigues, P.V. Garcia, R. Camarinho, Y. Segovia
Furnas village has a population of about 1500 inhabitants and is located inside the Furnas volcano crater. Volcanic activity in Furnas village is currently marked by several hydrothermal manifestations including soil diffuse degassing, thermal and cold carbon dioxide (CO2)-rich springs and fumarolic fields (Viveiros et al. 2010).In this village, approximately 58% of the buildings are located above anomalous soil CO2 diffuse degassing of volcanic-hydrothermal origin (Viveiros et al. 2010; 2012). Fumarole gaseous emissions are predominantly comprised of water (steam), and CO2, H2S, H2, N2, O2, CH4, and Ar are present in lower concentrations (Ferreira et al. 2005); soil gas emissions are essentially CO2 and 222Rn (Silva et al. 2015; Viveiros et al. 2010). In addition, the active degassing areas contribute to the continuous input of volatile metals into the atmosphere (Bagnato et al. 2014; 2018; Durand et al. 2004).