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Ethanol
Published in Arumugam S. Ramadhas, Alternative Fuels for Transportation, 2016
Alan C. Hansen, Carroll E. Goering, Arumugam Sakunthalai Ramadhas
The possibility of using various blends of gasoline-ethanol in the fuel tank of FFV vehicles requires means to determine the concentration of ethanol in the fuel line. Thus, a fuel sensor is provided in the fuel system to measure the concentration of ethanol in the blend and optimize the engine management system accordingly.
Thermoplastic Elastomers
Published in Anil K. Bhowmick, Current Topics in ELASTOMERS RESEARCH, 2008
Francis R. Costa, Naba K. Dutta, Namita Roy Choudhury, Anil K. Bhowmick
In terms of applications, TPE industries will remain closely linked with the motor vehicle industry. The solid gains forecast for TPEs in this market are due to the development of new products for exterior (e.g., body seal) and interior (e.g., instrument and door panel skins) applications at the expense of EPDM and thermoplastics such as PVC [278]. The new environmental consensus will make everything color-coded. It is likely that an industrial standard would be adopted where brake hose, air condition hose, fuel line hose, and power steering hose will all be of different colors and their cover materials in each and every case will be a TPE with life-of-the-car performance. This will facilitate maintenance and improve reliability. The appearance of new and varied chemicals in treated and waste water and the toxicological issues outlined in recent potable water standard will also lead to an increase in the use of TPEs in plumbing application. An increasing trend away from solvent toward hot melt and water-based systems due to environmental impact concerns and regulations will enhance the use of TPEs in such applications.
A comprehensive study on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with the blends of diesel, jojoba oil biodiesel, and butylated hydroxyl anisole as an alternative fuel
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Arulraj Paulraj
In present experimentation, a single-cylinder, water-cooled, four-stroke Kirloskar makes tangentially vertical direct injection compression-ignition engine was used. Table 6 depicts the details about the experimental setup. As per the manufacture catalog, operating conditions like engine speed (1500 rpm), injection pressure (210 bar), injection timing (21°bTDC), and compression ratio (17.5:1) were fixed. Fuel line includes a fuel storage tank, graduated burette, flow control valve, fuel flowmeter, fuel filter, fuel pump, and the injector unit. Engine airline consists of the air box, venture unit, U-tube manometer, airflow meter, and junction to intake manifold. Thermocouples (Type: NiCr-Ni) were fixed in the air intake, water inlet, exhaust out, and water outlet to determine the corresponding temperatures. The engine parameters were recorded directly using distinct sensors. For data recording and validation, National Instrument made data acquisition system (DAQ) enabled with MatLab platform Enginesoft software was employed. Engine emissions like oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbon were calculated using AVL, Austria makes 444 di-gas analyzer. Engine exhaust smoke emission was measured using AVL, Austria makes 437 C-free accelerometer smoke meter unit. Table 7 depicts the particulars about emission-measuring devices. Figure 3 depicts the diagrammatic illustration of the experimental setup.
Examining the impact of magnetic field on fuel economy and emission reduction in I.C. engines
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Pralhad Tipole, A. Karthikeyan, Virendra Bhojwani, Suhas Deshmukh, Harshal Babar, Bharati Tipole
This work discusses about emission reduction method for internal combustion engine when the fuel line is subjected to the magnetic field. HC fuel responds to the magnetic field due to which emission reduction is possible. Applying magnetic field strength on fuel line reduces the emissions and enhances performance. The experimental results show reduction in emission with increase in magnetic field strength. The overall reduction in the HC and CO is observed, while CO2% is found to increase, which clearly depicts about the certainty of the complete combustion of the fuel. Magnetic field strength does not require surplus energy and is also economically cheap. Summarising the effect of magnetic field, it decreases fuel consumption and increases the performance of internal combustion engines.
Optimization of engine operating conditions and investigation of nano-particle emissions from a non-road engine fuelled with butanol/diesel blends
Published in Biofuels, 2020
Mohit Raj Saxena, Rakesh Kumar Maurya
A four-stroke, single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer was used for this study. The specifications of the engine used in this study are provided in Table 2. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the experimental test rig. The diesel fuel and butanol/diesel blends were injected at 23° bTDC into the cylinder using a mechanical fuel injection system. All the experiments were performed at a fixed speed of 1500 rpm at different engine operating loads, IP and CR. The tilting cylinder block method was used for changing the CR without stopping the engine. Fuel consumption was measured using a fuel transmitter installed in the fuel line between the fuel tank and fuel pump. Direct fuel (DF) injection at different pressure is used for the study.