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Design for the Climate
Published in Dorothy Gerring, Renewable Energy Systems for Building Designers, 2023
Solar heat gain can either be direct, indirect, or isolated. The heat gained is often stored in a mass of material, called a thermal mass, which then will radiate stored heat into the space over time. Thermal mass can be provided by a variety of items such as water, concrete, or phase change materials. For solid materials, darker colors on the surface absorb more heat, while lighter colors will reflect heat. The mass needs to have thickness to store the heat. For example, a concrete floor slab should be 4–8” (100–200mm) thick. Any time you are using solar gain for heating, you need to pay attention to the HDD vs. the CDD and provide appropriate shading. It is quite easy to overheat quickly in shoulder seasons.
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Published in Les Goring, Residential Surveying Matters and Building Terminology, 2023
Suspended ceilings and floors: As per British Standards Codes of Practice (BSCP), all ceilings and floors are suspended, but this term generally refers to false ceilings, which are either partly- or wholly-separated from the suspended floor above, i.e., if partly separated, they may have their own wall-attachment, but be hung in mid-area from the joisted ceiling above. Whereas suspended floors are defined as being supported at their ends, without any mid-area support.
The Diagnostics of Layered Concrete Floors
Published in Łukasz Sadowski, Jerzy Hoła, Non-Destructive Diagnostics of Concrete Floors, 2023
In exploited concrete floors, as a result of various environmental impacts, the near-surface zone is destroyed over time. The thickness of this zone may be even several tens of millimetres. For further safe use of such floors, they are subjected to surface repair, consisting in removing the damaged concrete layer and adding a new layer to it. Over-concreting can be made of concrete with a material composition that is similar to that used to make the floor, but it can also be made of special fine-grained repair concrete. After the new layer is over-concreted, the floor becomes a layered floor. Figure 13.1 shows a diagram explaining the surface repair of a concrete floor with the use of over-concreting.
Toward a standardized framework for thermal resilience modelling and its practical application to futureproofing
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2022
Ted Kesik, William O’brien, Aylin Ozkan
In all the analyses that follow in this paper, the average size of a unit is considered as 70 m2 (756 ft2) with an aspect ratio of 2 × 1 (width to depth). The whole floor (with no partition) is assumed to be 625 m2 (6727 ft2) with an aspect ratio of 1 × 1 (width to depth). The heights for both cases are assumed to be 2.75 m (9 ft) including the thickness of a single floor slab (i.e., half thickness for ceiling and half thickness for floor attributed to internalized units). The floor consists of a 10 cm (4 inch) slab of concrete. Units and floors are located on intermediate levels with no heat transfer across ceiling, floor or adjacent walls because the neighboring units are assumed to be at a similar temperature and represent adiabatic boundaries. High-performance envelope characteristics are defined as: USI-value of 0.180 W/m2.K (U-0.032 Btu/hr ft2°F) for walls; and USI-Value of 1 W/m2.K (U-0.176 Btu/hr ft2°F) with 0.25 SHGC for glazing (all U-values are effective accounting for thermal bridging). Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) is set at 40% for all orientations.
The effect of inclination of scarf joints with four pins
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2018
The maximum short-term deflection for floor structures can be considered at a value of wmax = l/250 = 24 mm. The load corresponding to this deflection value in the case of a beam without a scarf was applied to beams with scarf joints. In this way, the deflection increment due to the joint can be identified.