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Field Troubles
Published in Ramnarayan Padmanabhan, Centrifugal Pump Clinic, 2017
The best means of providing this is to use a small water-sealing package unit similar to that illustrated in Fig. 6.52. A tank is equipped with a float valve that maintains the water level in the tank. A small close-coupled pump is mounted directly on the tank and maintains the supply of clean water at the stuffing-box seals of the battery of pumps it serves. Incidentally, this system does not require any extra city water because the supply of water to the seals (approximately 2 GPM per seal) reduces the quantity of makeup water to the system. In this particular case, total makeup was 200 GPM.
Water Level Control for the Toilet Tank: A Historical Perspective
Published in William S. Levine, Control System Applications, 2018
When the water level drops below a certain level, the flush valve doses, allowing the tank to refill. The water level rises, carrying the float with it until there is sufficient water in the tank to close the float valve.
Hybrid photovoltaic–thermal system for simultaneous generation of power and hot water utilising mobiltherm as heat transfer fluid
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2021
Sudhansu Sekhar Das, Pramod Kumar, Sarbjot Singh Sandhu
The inlet water tank was installed at a head sufficient to overcome the friction head. The water supply to the model was from the overhead water tank. The height of the overhead tank can be slightly increased to accommodate the head for the PV–T system. The outlet water tank is thermally insulated to store hot water. The water was restricted inside the copper tube using valves. The inlet valve is a float valve improvised to open only on the complete drop in water level inside the copper tube. The outlet valve was controlled using a microcontroller. The microcontroller was programmed to send electrical signals to valve actuator mechanism upon sensor detecting water temperature of 60°C. The experimental set-up is as demonstrated in Figure 4. The numerical simulation of the system concluded to generate hot water of 22 l.
Utilizing heat from rice hull biochar production for steam pasteurization of mushroom fruiting bags
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Ricardo F. Orge, Lolita V. Leal
As shown in Figure 6, it took around 4 h for the system to attain the recommended pasteurization temperature of 60°C (Kurtzman, 2010). Kurtzman (2010) reported that 60 min exposure of the MFBs to this temperature has been found to be already appropriate. Thus, basing from Figure 6, the developed pasteurization system satisfied this condition. The manner of replenishing water lost due to steam generation significantly affected the temperature profile of the MFBs. The “rough” temperature profile attained in trial 2 was due to not regularly checking the water level in the water filling funnel which resulted to adding large quantities of water at one particular time. Ideally, this could later on be solved by installing a larger water filling funnel to accommodate a float valve that is connected to a water source. The float valve will automatically manage the replenishment of the lost water at the steam generating vessel due to vaporization.
Economic analysis of the controlled drainage with sub-irrigation system: a case study of grain-producing farms in Quebec and Ontario
Published in Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 2021
Mariela M. Marmanilo, Suren N. Kulshreshtha, Chandra A. Madramootoo
For the St. Emmanuel study site, the tiles for this system were placed approximately 1-m below the ground surface and spaced 15-m apart. These tiles constituted the laterals that were basically 100-mm diameter plastic PVC corrugated pipes. At each end of the lateral, 5-m long non-perforated pipes were installed, all of which are connected to a 150-mm diameter PVC main tile (Essien 2016). A plastic water control tank with a float valve was placed above the pipe outlets. Water was pumped into each tank, and the float valve was used to maintain the water table level. This is an experimental system and is not used for commercial purposes, as discussed in Figure 1. The system was mainly used in the growing season to maintain the water table at between 60 and 75 cm from the ground surface (Jiang et al. 2019). More details on the system can found in Madramootoo, Dodds, and Papadopoulos (1993) and Madramootoo et al. (2007). During the period of dryness, water is pumped back, with a 1 horsepower pump (suitable for pumping at least 4 ha), to the drainage pipes through the control structure (Jiang et al. 2019). Both Base and BMP Technologies were evaluated under an assumed corn-soybean crop rotation in a five-year cycle, with four consecutive years of corn followed by one year of soybean production. For the Harrow study site, water control level structure in this experimental site consisted of a plastic chamber fitted to a corrugated non-perforated drain outlet and the outlet was plugged during subirrigation (Tan et al. 1993; Drury et al. 2009). The tile drains were installed at 3.75-m apart strictly for experimental purposes at the Research Station. However, on commercial farms, the tile spacing could range from 5 to 9 m for this heavier Brookston clay loam.