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Government policy in the field of natural resources and energy policy
Published in Izabela Jonek-Kowalska, Radosław Wolniak, Oksana A. Marinina, Tatyana V. Ponomarenko, Stakeholders, Sustainable Development Policies and the Coal Mining Industry, 2022
Izabela Jonek-Kowalska, Radosław Wolniak, Oksana A. Marinina, Tatyana V. Ponomarenko
The above-mentioned Package is equipped with a number of implementation instruments, including: The Emissions Trading Scheme, which is the EU’s primary instrument for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from large power plants and industrial installations and from air transport. The ETS covers about 45 per cent of all EU greenhouse gas emissions.Financial support for low-carbon technologies in the form of the NER300 program for renewable energy technologies and carbon capture and storage, and Horizon 2020, which funds research and innovation.Energy Efficiency Plan and the Energy Efficiency Directive.
Implementing Successful Carbon Reduction Programs
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Arun G. Jhaveri, Carbon Reduction:, 2020
Stephen A. Roosa, Arun G. Jhaveri
For clarification, a carbon tax is a levy on the carbon content of fossil fuels, providing economic disincentives for using fuels such as coal and oil. Since virtually all of the carbon in fossil fuels is ultimately emitted as CO2, a carbon tax is equivalent to an emission tax on each unit of CO2-equivalent emissions. Carbon taxes have the capability of being broadly applied to the carbon-based fuels across a county’s entire economy. Emissions trading schemes can be designed to apply to the intra-company, domestic, and international levels and can focus on the primary emitters of greenhouse gases, especially fuels that are not related to transportation. The IPCC’s Second Assessment Report adopted the convention of using permits for domestic trading systems and quotas for international trading systems.13 Emissions trading under the Kyoto Protocol uses a tradable quota system, based on the assigned amounts calculated from the emissions reduction and limitation commitments.
ETSs and aviation
Published in Frank Fichert, Peter Forsyth, Hans-Martin Niemeier, Aviation and Climate Change, 2020
The most common form of emissions trading is the “cap and trade” model. A cap is placed on emissions within the scheme by requiring all emissions to be reported and matched by a tradable permit, allowance or emission unit, whose supply is limited. International agreements or national governments determine how many emission units are provided to emitters, and these can be given to participants without charge or charged for, usually through an auction. If their emissions overshoot their allocation of allowances, they must purchase additional units from other participants either at periodic auctions or on a trading exchange. If they have spare units because they reduce their emissions below their allocation, they can sell those to other participants or hold them and use them in future years. This trading ensures that emissions are reduced at the lowest possible cost.
Achieving carbon neutrality via supply chain management: position paper and editorial for IJPR special issue
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
S. C. Lenny Koh, Fu (Jeff) Jia, Yu (Jack) Gong, Xiaoxue Zheng, Alexandre Dolgui
Government regulations can play a crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality by implementing policies that incentivize companies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Various low carbon policies can be introduced, such as emissions trading schemes, emission standards, and subsidies, to encourage companies to adopt low-carbon management practices. The effectiveness of such policies varies depending on the industry and the company's situation. Furthermore, when companies have a better understanding of low-carbon management practices, they are less reliant on new national environmental legislation. Policymakers can introduce targeted policies that can improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions effectively. Regulators can also adopt less intrusive, stakeholder-driven approaches to encourage companies to adopt low-carbon management practices, thereby mitigating climate change.
An integrated fuzzy production inventory model for manufacturer–retailer coordination under simple carbon tax system
Published in Journal of Management Analytics, 2023
G. Durga Bhavani, G. S. Mahapatra, Akhilesh Kumar
The second instrument of carbon pricing called emissions trading system encourages emitters to comply emission targets at least costs by adopting low-emission resources or technologies. This instrument is further having two types of system: cap-and-trade and baseline-and-credit. Cap-and-trade system applies an absolute limit on emissions beyond which taxes are imposed. Recent studies on operational planning of supply chain in a setup of nonlinear cap-and-trade instrument are worth mentioning (Elhedhli et al., 2021; Heydari & Mirzajani, 2021). On the other hand, baseline-and-credit system instruments to issue credits or subsidies to the entities that reduce their emissions below a pre-defined baseline level of emissions. Studies worth mentioning that focus on this instrument of emission regulation are referred to here (Fan et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2019; L. Zhang & Zhang, 2022).
Optimal Replacement, Retrofit, and Management of a Fleet of Assets under Regulations of an Emissions Trading System
Published in The Engineering Economist, 2021
Amir Rajabian, Mageed Ghaleb, Sharareh Taghipour
Since the ("UNFCCC" 1992) was signed and later followed by other treaties such as the ("Kyoto Protocol" UNFCCC 1997) and the ("Paris Agreement" UNFCCC 2015) to expand it, many federal and provincial governments around the world have proposed strategies such as carbon taxes, cap limits and so forth to confront the issue of global climate change. One of the newer strategies that have been implemented is the emissions trade system, also known as cap-and-trade. An emissions trading system is a way of setting a limit over the amount of GHG emissions while letting the firms affected by the regulation to find the most efficient way for them to reduce their emissions. This aim will be achieved by allowing emitters to trade emission allowances, or carbon allowances, as other emissions are usually measured by their carbon equivalent. Carbon allowances or permits are given by the governmental authorities to the emitters. The allowances indicate how much emission a participant is permitted to emit. The participants then could buy or sell permits based on whether they have managed to reduce their emissions in each year or not (Stavins, 2003).