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Climate change, energy security, and China's stance
Published in Han Lin, Energy Policies and Climate Change in China, 2019
In December 1997, the COP 3 was held in Kyoto and the Kyoto Protocol was drafted. The Kyoto Protocol was the first international treaty that set detailed legally binding obligations for industrialised countries to cut greenhouse gases emissions (Chen 2012, p. 7). The protocol set up emissions targets for 39 developed countries which aimed for 5% emission reduction from 1990 levels within the next 14 years. The protocol included three mechanisms: international emissions trading (IET), joint implementation (JI), and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (UNFCCCa n.d., n.p.). China, as a developing country, was not required to meet specific greenhouse gas reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol like the industrialised countries, but it was welcomed to participate in the emission offsetting CDM (Chen 2012, p. 7).
Impact of climatic change on hydropower investment
Published in Bjørn Honningsvåg, Grethe Holm Midttømme, Kjell Repp, Kjetil Arne Vaskinn, Trond Westeren, Hydropower in the New Millennium, 2020
G.P. Harrison, H.W. Whittington
Under the Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC, 1998) most countries agreed that they would limit greenhouse gas emissions. As electricity production accounts for a significant portion of the emissions, much of the burden will fall on this sector. Increased use of renewable energy sources, including hydropower, is one suggested way in which the emissions targets can be met.
A complex balance: assessing perspectives on decommissioning large dams to restore river ecosystems
Published in Water International, 2023
Joshua Matanzima, Teboho Mosuoe-Tsietsi
Dams such as the Aswan High Dam in Egypt, the Akosombo Dam in Ghana, the Three Gorges Dam in China, the Chandil Dam in India, the Mangla Dam in Pakistan and the Hoover Dam in the United States are all examples of dams constructed for multipurposes, including irrigation, power generation and flood control. Considering the global demands for food security, energy (and, in particular, renewable energy), and the need to contain floods in the context of extreme weather conditions resulting from climate change, dams evidently have a critical role to play, not only in economic development but also in the survival of human beings. They can contribute to the achievement of net zero emissions targets that various countries have set in response to climate change, and prevent the flooding that threatens the lives and livelihoods of multitudes.
The occurrence, transformation and control of selenium in coal-fired power plants: Status quo and development
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2022
Shuangchen Ma, Fang Xu, Dao Qiu, Shuaijun Fan, Ruimin Wang, Yang Li, Xiangyang Chen
To achieve the global emissions targets set by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The rapid development of global new energy to support the transition to a low-carbon future. In 2020, the economic turmoil caused by COVID-19 has affected the global energy market. As shown in Figure 1, global energy demand fell by 4.5%, of which coal consumption fell by 4.2% compared to 2019, accounting for 27.2% of the total energy, and the total production was 7741.6 million tons Company (1990). Although the proportion of thermal power generation is gradually decreasing, as a simple and reliable resource, coal is still the most secure energy component. In the future, the focus will be on improving the efficiency of coal utilization, the degree of cleanliness and the recycling of other high-value resources. Therefore, under the condition that the energy composition is relatively stable, the optimization of the existing technology has also attracted more attention from government agencies and researchers. In 2020, the Steam Electric Power Generating Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards revised by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) set limits on the discharge of desulfurization wastewater. The minimum requirement for selenium is the maximum daily limit of 70 . The State Council of China published the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) also put forward requirements for strengthening the coordinated control of pollutants George et al. (2020). In the existing the air pollution control devices (APCDs) system, the main process and principle are based on the removal of dust, ,. The removal of selenium by the system can only play a partial synergistic effect.Unauthorized discharge of selenium-containing pollutants will change the environmental concentration of selenium in a local area, which will destroy the ecosystem.Therefore, targeted treatment of selenium pollution in coal-fired power plants is necessary.