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Timber
Published in Poul Beckmann, Robert Bowles, Structural Aspects of Building Conservation, 2012
In some parts of England, ‘cruck’ frames were favoured; in these, the main uprights were made from curved tree trunks, split along the plane of the curve to produce two symmetrical ‘blades’, leaning against each other and meeting at the top ends to locate the ridge of the roof. The wall and roof members were supported by various brackets, or ‘spurs’, cantilevering out from the cruck blades (Figs 5.4 and 5.5). A common feature of wall frames and cruck frames was that the loads were intended to be carried by the frames and not by the material in the walls.
History and Characteristics of Construction Techniques Used in Traditional Timber Ottoman Houses
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2018
The Strandzha Mountains in the central part of the Thracian peninsula are covered with oak forests. The different cultural backgrounds of the immigrant populations in the region have paved the way for various types of production and material to be used with different construction techniques in the rural architecture of the highlands and around the mountain lowlands. In addition to firm oak wood, flexible hornbeam and cornel wood, and reeds from the wetlands are used as building material in the local architecture. In addition to hımış buildings, there is another timber frame type found here, called iğmeli (cruck) building (Eres 2006, 2013). This building type created an authentic rural architecture due to its original construction technique (Figures 15 and 16): “İğmeli is a building system the supporting system of which is formed via the row of arch like frames made up of two tree trunks joined together in their tops and secured horizontally by beams named “germe” (Eres 2006, 149-).
Energy retrofit infill panels for historic timber-framed buildings in the UK: physical test panel monitoring versus hygrothermal simulation
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2021
Christopher J. Whitman, Oriel Prizeman, Julie Gwilliam, Andy Shea, Pete Walker
The dimensions of the panels were dictated by the test facility, however, a review of a representative sample of 100 surviving UK timber-framed buildings was undertaken to establish the average infill panel size for comparison. It was assumed that all historic (pre-1850) timber-framed buildings are designated as listed buildings. Therefore a dataset was requested from Historic England searching the National Listings using the search parameters ‘Pre-1850, Timber Framed Building; Jettied Building; Jettied House; Continuous Jetty House; End Jetty House; Wealden House; Single Ended Wealden House; Timber Framed Barn; Cruck Barn; Timber Framed House; Box Frame House; Cruck House; Base Cruck House’ (Historic England 2014). The resulting dataset of 66,397 entries was reviewed and classified according to age, building type (domestic, commercial/public or ancillary) and panel infill material. Buildings listed as ‘former timber-frame’ and those subsequently entirely encased within a continuous masonry envelope were deleted. List entries covering multiple buildings were duplicated to create one entry per building. The resulting dataset contained 66,801 buildings. A similar exercise was completed for Wales using Peter Smith’s ‘Houses of the Welsh Countryside’ (Smith 1988) updated with information from Richard Suggett’s ‘Houses and History in the March of Wales: Radnorshire 1400–1800’ (Suggett 2005) and cross-referenced with the National Monuments Record of Wales (RCAHMW 2014). The Welsh dataset resulted in 1023 buildings. Both datasets were subsequently plotted using ArchGISTM 10.5.1 geographic information system.