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New PV Markets Sustaining Mass Production
Published in Peter F. Varadi, Wolfgang Palz, Michael Eckhart, Allan R. Hoffman, Paula Mints, Bill Rever, John Wohlgemuth, Frank P.H. Wouters, Sun Towards High Noon, 2017
In addition, a new desalination technology using the heat generated by a 400 kW concentrated solar power system (parabolic troughs) has been developed and tested and will be used in California’s Central Valley to desalinate and reuse agricultural runoff. It can also desalinate other types of contaminated water. The technology used is similar to that of a parabolic trough power plant except that the heat generated will be used to drive a concentrated solar still that will evaporate and distill water at 30 times the efficiency of natural evaporation. Another advantage is that the system concentrates the removed salts into a solid so that no liquid brine residue becomes a disposal problem, a common issue for traditional desalination plants. The solid residue can be mined for useful mineral byproducts. A pilot facility already exists, and a full-scale facility is being designed to help address California’s serious drought situation.
Evaluation of efficiency of double slope solar still and drinking water yield using silver nanoparticle mixed with phase change material
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Mohamed Iqbal Shajahan, Dilip Raja Narayana, Naren Shankar Radha Krishnan, Jee Joe Michael
The opportunities and limitations of phase change materials (PCM) with their applications in solar thermal systems including solar stills are extensively reviewed (Javadi, Metselaar, and Ganesan 2020). Generally, PCM has low thermal conductivity (Yang, Huang, and Zhou 2020), low thermal diffusion rate, high phase change enthalpy, high subcooling, cycling instability leading to high manufacturing costs and practical storage difficulties (Javadi, Metselaar, and Ganesan 2020). In the solar still, adding PCM helps in operating during off-sunshine hours (Elashmawy, Alhadri, and Ahmed 2021), causing increased freshwater productivity up to 7.54 L/m2day showing a 67.18% higher performance (Kabeel and Abdelgaied 2016). Dashtban and Tabrizi (2011) designed cascade solar still with PCM material generating freshwater at 5.1 kg/m2day and producing a thermal efficiency of 64%. The addition of nano-Silicon enhanced PCM improves freshwater production further by 67.07% (Manoj Kumar et al. 2021). Another study using weir-type cascade solar still integrated with PCM beneath the absorber plate increased the daily productivity to 6.7 kg/m2-day (Dashtban and Farshchi Tabrizi 2011). PCM filled tubes inside a concentrated solar still improved the productivity and thermal efficiency by 40.51% and 38.25% respectively (Elashmawy, Alhadri, and Ahmed 2021), which was further increased using nano-graphene oxide enhanced PCM to 50.85%, and the total yield to 5.62 kg/m2 (Kabeel et al. 2020). Double slope solar still added with nano copper oxide (CuO) enhanced PCM increased the productivity by 113% (Kandeal et al. 2021). A similar study using nano-CuO in PCM enhanced the productivity by 122% and increased thermal efficiency to 57% (Abdullah et al. 2021). Another study using nano-CuO/Al2O3 composite enhanced PCM and nano-CuO enhanced black paint resulted in improving the productivity of solar still up to 55.8% (Shoeibi, Kargarsharifabad, and Rahbar 2021).