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Renewable Energy Scenario of the World and Future Pattern
Published in Neeraj Gupta, Anuradha Tomar, B Rajanarayan Prusty, Pankaj Gupta, Renewable Energy Integration to the Grid, 2022
Karan Singh Joshal, Ashiq Hussain Lone, Neeraj Gupta, Anuradha Tomar, Rakesh Sehgal
In this section, the two viable technologies used for extracting solar energy from sun and converting it into electricity or other heating applications are discussed. These two solar technologies are PV and solar thermal CSP technologies. These technologies give existence to the fact that solar energy can be used to generate electricity and make it even more popular. Solar thermal (CSP) technology collects solar energy and converts it into heat, which is further converted to electricity, while PV technology directly converts solar energy to electrical energy using semiconductor devices. There are other solar thermal technologies (nongrid) which include water-heating systems, solar dryers, solar distillations, and solar cookers. Figure 1.7 shows the SolDry (solar drying) systems designed and developed by the National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) which benefits the farmers of Ladakh (NISE 2020).
Renewable Energy Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Unlike solar photovoltaic technologies which use semiconductors to convert sunlight directly into electricity, CSP plants generate electricity by converting sunlight into heat first. Much like a reflective mirror their reflectors focus sunlight onto a receiver. The heat absorbed by the receiver is used to move an engine piston (Sterling engine), or generate steam that drives a turbine to produce electricity (parabolic troughs and power tower). Power generation after sunset is possible also by storing excess heat in large, insulated tanks filled with molten salt during the day and using it at night. Since CSP plants require high levels of direct solar radiation to operate efficiently, deserts make ideal locations. As a matter of fact, these types of systems cannot operate efficiently in any other environment.
Sustainable Technology and Green Building
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
A PV system changes light into electrical direct current by exploiting the photoelectric impact. Concentrated sun-based power (CSP) system uses lenses or mirrors and following frameworks to center a huge territory of daylight into a little shaft. CSP-Stirling has by a wide margin the most noteworthy proficiency among all sunlight-based energy technology.
A comprehensive review of solar tower CSP systems using TES and molten salts
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2023
Cristiana Brasil Maia, Lucas Rodrigues Neumann, Gabriela de Andrade Oliveira, Ígor Marques Alves, Magdalena Marta Walczak, Pedro Paiva Brito
Solar energy is mainly converted into electricity by the use of photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies (Srivastava, Tiwari, and Giri 2020) (Figure 1). Photovoltaics is the technology that converts sunlight into electricity using the principle of the photoelectric effect (Khan and Arsalan 2016). Semiconductor materials are illuminated by photons and generate electrical power (Luque and Hegedus 2011). Advanced solar energy technology requires high-grade energy to produce efficient power with compact plant size and low capital investment period. CSP technologies meet electrical and thermal energy requirements (Fuqiang et al. 2017). CSP systems use mirrors and lenses to concentrate the solar radiation on a fluid to increase its temperature and run an electricity generator (Fernández et al. 2019). A comparison of these technologies based on sustainability indicators showed that for the same nominal output power the CSP plants can supply more energy than PV plants; nevertheless, their initial investment cost is higher (Khan and Arsalan 2016). Also, the solar to thermal conversion efficiency usually outweighs solar to electrical conversion efficiency (Ravi Kumar, Krishna Chaitanya, and Sendhil Kumar 2021). It is worth mentioning, however, that the technologies differ in basic mechanisms, and it is not possible to conclude which is universally most desirable. Instead, they should coexist in a joint effort to meet the world’s increasing energy demands (Khan and Arsalan 2016).
Identifying optimal geographic locations for hybrid concentrated solar biomass (HCSB) power plants in Alberta and Ontario, Canada
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2023
Mehran Bozorgi, Animesh Dutta, Shohel Mahmud, Syeda Humaira Tasnim
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems create solar energy by utilizing mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight onto a receiver. When focused light is transformed to heat (Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF)), it drives a heat engine, often a steam turbine connected to an electrical power generation or a thermochemical process. During the last two decades, many researchers reported some improvements in this field including reflector and collector design and material, transport, power production, and storage of thermal energy (Barlev, Vidu, and Stroeve 2011). Water, organic fluid, thermal (synthetic) oil, or molten salt can be used as HTF in CSP (Mohaghegh et al. 2021). Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) plants are composed of reflectors (usually silvered acrylic) that are bent in a single dimension to concentrate sunlight onto an absorber tube situated in the focal line of the parabola. The PTC plant is used to gather solar energy. As the sun rises and sets each day, the reflectors and absorber tubes move in synchrony with the sun’s path across the sky. The solar field is a set of parallel linked reflectors (Zhang et al. 2013).
Impact of dust accumulation on photovoltaic panels: a review paper
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2022
Haneen Abuzaid, Mahmoud Awad, Abdulrahim Shamayleh
Despite solar energy popularity due to being abundant, clean, inconsumable, easy to install and maintain, and safe (Chu and Meisen 2011; Dincer 2000; Sarver, Al-Qaraghuli, and Kazmerski 2013; Comerio et al. 2021; Mekhilef, Saidur, and Safari 2011; Kalogirou 2013), it is vulnerable to different non-controllable weather conditions (Chaichan and Kazem 2016). There are two main solar panel types: Photovoltaic (PV), and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP). The PV panel converts direct sunlight into electricity, while CSP converts sunlight to heat, which is then used to generate electricity (Solar_Feed 2019). Hernández-Moro and Martínez-Duart conducted an analytical comparison between PV and CSP using the calculated levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and the future evolution of the LCOE between 2010 and 2050 (Hernández-Moro and Martínez-Duart 2013). They recommended using PV technology on Earth areas with middle to high latitudes, while CSP technology in arid areas with low latitudes. The optimal solar irradiation is concentrated in the solar belt region, including North Africa and the Middle East, which are mostly desert areas (Mazumder et al. 2014). But the climate challenge in this region is the high levels of dust, pollution, and ambient temperature which are adversely affecting the performance and operation cost of PV systems (Kazem et al. 2020; Namdari et al. 2018).