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External Components of the Financial Analysis
Published in Gene Beck, Grid Parity, 2020
Commissioning of installed equipment and systems is considered industry best-practice. Commissioning ensures that systems are designed, installed, functionally tested in all modes of operation, and are capable of being operated and maintained in conformity with the design intent (i.e., energy production levels, appropriate lighting levels, cooling capacity, comfortable temperatures, etc.). Benefits of commissioning include safety tie-in to existing utility interconnection, proper interface (as designed) to load centers in the facility and existing plant processes and systems, increased building comfort, reduced operational problems, lower installation costs, fewer contractor call-backs, and improved energy performance. The commissioning requirements outlined below have been adapted from industry standard procedures detailed in ASHRAE’s commissioning guidelines (0-2005).
Project close out and systems improvement
Published in Peter Fewings, Christian Henjewele, Construction Project Management, 2019
Peter Fewings, Christian Henjewele
Commissioning is a critical operation that takes place at the end of a project, but which needs to be planned for at the beginning of the project so that adequate time for full, unobstructed access to the whole building, or distinct service zones, is provided in order to make sure that all elements of the building are working satisfactorily. Figure 15.1 shows the commissioning process. A strategy for commissioning to suit requirements is incorporated in the master plan and the construction plan from the beginning of the project and may be phased if there are many discrete units in the structure. As well as playing an important part in the latter stages of the construction phase, commissioning also plays an important role beyond construction into the client’s fitting out and occupation, as services and fabric will only be deemed to be operating as intended when the building is loaded and occupied. This has become more important as a result of increasing emphasis on reducing energy consumption in buildings and CO2 emissions, as well as client demands for ‘soft landings’.
Economic evaluation principles for electrolysis systems
Published in Leonard W. Casson, James W. Bess, Conversion to On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation, 2019
Leonard W. Casson, James W. Bess
Installation time for a plant can vary widely for reasons of site location and equipment scope. A 1000 lb/d (450 kg/d) domestic brine electrolysis site having an existing building will usually require 6 to 8 weeks to install and commission. This time allocation assumes that no civil work is required to complete the installation. If civil work is not completed one must allow 12 to 16 weeks to complete installation and commissioning. Installation and commissioning will require from 6 to 12 weeks of supervisory time after all civil requirements are completed.
Analysis of plant construction accidents and loss estimation using insurance loss records
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2019
Ji-Myong Kim, Taehui Kim, Junseo Bae, Kiyoung Son, Sungjin Ahn
The plant construction process can be divided into the construction phases required by the drawing and specification for the structures and the mechanical equipment, and the commissioning phases to test whether the equipment and facilities are operating normally. “Commissioning” refers to a series of verification processes in plant construction projects carried out in order to confirm whether a facility has been designed, procured, fabricated, installed, tested and prepared for normal operation in accordance with the design drawings and specifications. Compared to general construction work, plant construction cost is low in the construction phase, but it is very risky in the commissioning phases. Due to the various defects and mistakes made during commissioning, additional equipment expenses and compensation by payments are often required.
An equipment qualification framework for healthcare
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2020
Dermot Hale, Enda F. Fallon, Christine FitzGerald
Once the required device has been procured and shipped to the healthcare facility, frequently the next step is to commission the device. The WHO define commissioning as the setting up, adjustment and testing of equipment or a system to ensure that it meets all the requirements, as specified in the user requirement specification, and capacities as specified by the designer or developer. The WHO further state that commissioning is carried out before qualification and validation (WHO, 2014). Commissioning, when it is performed, can support the qualification process.