China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Smart Grid Technologies
Published in Clark W. Gellings, Smart Grid Planning and Implementation, 2020
Today, over one-third of the conditioned and institutional buildings in the U.S. have some form of energy management and control systems installed (EPRI 101883). Automated demand response (ADR) can be accomplished by communicating to the building energy management system using an Internet-communicated signal or some other form of direct link. Open automated demand response (OpenADR) involves a machine-to-machine communication standard that provides electronic, Internet-based price and reliability signals linked directly to the end-use control systems or related building and automated control systems (EPRI 1016082). The building automation system is pre-programmed to reduce load according to the messages it receives, and it may also provide real-time energy consumption information back to the utility or service provider.
Construction of self-updating and reusable space models via vision-based sensing
Published in Manuel Martínez, Raimar Scherer, eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 2020
Building automation is expected to improve building performance by reducing the operation and maintenance costs of buildings (e.g. for heating, cooling, and lighting), improving environmental performance, augmenting human comfort, and providing higher safety levels. However, data collection and monitoring activities in current building automation systems are rather limited: the focus is mostly on service systems such as elevators and office equipment. There is a lack of systematic and scalable approaches to comprehensive facility state monitoring throughout buildings’ life cycle. One possible approach toward achieving a higher level of building automation technology is provided by the concept of sentient buildings (Mahdavi 2004). Sentient buildings possess a dynamic, comprehensive representation of their context, components, systems, spaces, processes, and occupancy. They can autonomously and in real-time update this representation based on sensory information from a comprehensive sensory infrastructure. Thus, a sentient building possesses at all times up-to-date and high-resolution information regarding the state of room enclosure surfaces, objects and furniture, building components such as doors and windows, environmental systems (for heating, cooling, lighting, etc.), occupants’ presence and movements, and other static or dynamically changing building entities.
Networked Embedded Systems: An Overview
Published in Richard Zurawski, Networked Embedded Systems, 2017
Another fast growing application area for networked embedded systems is building automation [61]. Building automation systems aim at the control of the internal environment, as well as the immediate external environment of a building, or building complex. At present, the focus of research and technology development is on commercial type of buildings (office building, exhibition centre, shopping complex, etc.). In future, this will also include industrial type of buildings, which pose substantial challenges to the development of effective monitoring and control solutions. Some of the main services to be offered by the building automation systems typically include climate control to include heating, ventilation, air conditioning; visual comfort to cover artificial lighting, control of day light; safety services such as fire alarm, and emergency sound system; security protection; control of utilities such as power, gas, water supply, etc.; internal transportation systems to mention lifts, escalators, etc.
A survey of intelligent building automation with machine learning and IoT
Published in Advances in Building Energy Research, 2023
Mona Masroor, Javad Rezazadeh, John Ayoade, Mehdi Aliehyaei
In intelligent buildings, automation is defined as the information technology application, robotics, and electronics to facilitate the communication and interaction of residents (Pereira et al., 2018). With the accelerating development of new technologies related to building, issues such as energy consumption reduction, saving on strategic building costs, and increasing the comfort and convenience of building occupants are expanding the use of various technologies called Building automation (building management systems). Home management and automation systems are used for automatic monitoring and control of systems such as lighting, plumbing, firefighting equipment, traffic control, heating, and air conditioning systems. This term also refers to the system in which sensors and controls are used (Han et al., 2014).
A field study on the effect of building automation on perceived comfort and control in institutional buildings
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2020
Ruth Tamas, Mohamed M. Ouf, William O’Brien
Occupants’ interaction with different building systems can significantly influence energy use (Hong et al. 2016). Therefore, thorough understanding of the context in which these interactions take place provides valuable insight for building designers and operators, especially regarding their relationship to occupant comfort. Modern building systems’ design and controls are shifting towards increasing building automation with the goal of improving energy efficiency while maintaining occupant comfort. However, the consequences of reducing occupant control (and increasing automation) is a topic that has been heavily investigated in the literature, where two main arguments emerge; Fanger and Toftum (2002) argued that occupants with lower degree of personal control have lower thermal comfort expectations. On the other hand, Nikolopoulou and Steemers (2003) argued that occupants who have more control over the source of their discomfort would be less irritated by it, thus improving their comfort. Leaman and Bordass (1999) explained that occupants are ‘satisfiers’ not ‘optimizers’, thus they tolerate deviations from ‘ideal’ indoor conditions, as long as they have adequate opportunities to intervene and control their environment.
Collaborative building control: a conceptual mixed-initiative framework
Published in Intelligent Buildings International, 2022
Fatih Topak, Mehmet Koray Pekeriçli
Building automation systems (also known as building management systems), refer to the installed technological infrastructure that monitor and administrate buildings’ physical environments and operations, including heating, ventilation and air conditioning, lighting, shading, auxiliary energy, and water supply. Automating the building systems and creating centralized control is generally favored by many engineers, designers, and facility managers, with an intended goal of enhancing system efficiency. Although automation systems’ capabilities have been extended in recent years (Aparicio-Ruiz et al.2018; Naylor, Gillott, and Lau 2018), their wide-scale employment by building occupants has remained unrealized (Meerbeek et al.2014), which can be grounded by several reasons.