China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fire safety
Published in Phil Hughes, Ed Ferrett, Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction, 2015
All equipment provided to assist escape from the premises, such as fire detection and warning systems and emergency lighting, and all equipment provided to assist with fighting fire, should be regularly checked and maintained by a suitably competent person in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The alarm system should be tested every week, while the premises are in normal use. The test should be carried out by activating a different call point each week, at a fixed time. Table 13.2 gives guidance on the frequency of testing and maintenance and provides a simple guide to good practice. A fire maintenance checklist Form F1 is shown in Chapter 23.
Upgrading Security
Published in Frank R. Spellman, The Drinking Water Handbook, 2017
An alarm system is a type of electronic monitoring system that is used to detect and respond to specific types of events, such as unauthorized access to an asset, or a possible fire. In water and wastewater systems, alarms are also used to alert operators when process operating or monitoring conditions go out of preset parameters (i.e., process alarms). These types of alarms are primarily integrated with process monitoring and reporting systems (e.g., SCADA systems). Note that this discussion does not focus on alarm systems that are not related to the processes of a utility.
Plant Security
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Fundamentals of Public Utilities Management, 2020
An alarm system consists of sensors that detect different types of events; an arming station that is used to turn the system on and off; a control panel that receives information, processes it, and transmits the alarm; and an annunciator that generates a visual and/or audible response to the alarm. When a sensor is tripped it sends a signal to a control panel, which triggers a visual or audible alarm and/or notifies a central monitoring station. A more complete description of each of the components of an alarm system is provided below.
Implementation of an intelligent supply chain control tower: a socio-technical systems case study
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2021
Intelligent assets and SC analytics allowed the SCCT proactive mitigation of risks threatening to disrupt SC planning and execution. Five key areas are being monitored in real-time: supply, manufacturing, demand, distribution, and environmental sensing. The rules-based alarm system uses a four-level classification with a corresponding traffic-light visualization to categories risks for each product line, category, and market segment. There are several types of alarms, such as sensing, stock, fill rate, and criticality alarms. The SCCT aggregates data at tactical and executive level with different visualizations; SC analytics transforms these aggregated data into intelligent assets. For example, the system senses variations in Demand Variability (ΔDV) and Supply Variability (ΔSV) using statistics like the Coefficient of Variation (CV = σ/μ = standard deviation/mean). In the case where the ΔDV increases above a certain level, e.g. CV >200%, which is an intelligent asset derived from advanced analytics, it indicates that more resources are used than initially planned and a supply shortage is likely to happen in the short term. When ΔSV decreases below a set value, e.g. CV<–200%, then delays in inbound supply flows and supply shortages are likely to occur. Alarms trigger specific supply chain actions defined during Phase I, such as stock replenishment, distribution rerouting/rescheduling, and activating alternative suppliers.
Rethinking control chart design and evaluation
Published in Quality Engineering, 2019
William H. Woodall, Frederick W. Faltin
As more and more variables are measured in practical applications, and as the frequency of measurement increases, it becomes increasingly important to keep the number of false alarms at a manageable number. If there are too many false alarms, then alarms tend to be ignored and the monitoring becomes ineffective. If alarms result in process adjustments, then false alarms can be harmful since adjusting a process that does not require it can increase the process variation. In applications where hundreds or thousands of variables are being monitored, one can be overwhelmed by alarms, false or not, and some method for the prioritization of alarms is required.
Classification of sequencing logic faults in multiple zone air handling units: A review and case study
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2022
Burak Gunay, Narges Torabi, Scott Shillinglaw
Detection of sequencing logic faults require detecting or at least characterizing the existing controls hardware issues in a system. A complete fault diagnostics framework should triage system-level faults over zone-level faults, and hard faults over programming logic faults. This approach would suppress zone-level alarms triggered due to system-level issues, and programming logic fault alarms triggered due to hard faults—thus, avoid frequent false positives. Future research should amalgamate different fault detection approaches in the literature into a complete framework.