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Urban water infrastructure
Published in Jiri Marsalek, Blanca Jiménez-Cisneros, Mohammad Karamouz, Per-Arne Malmquist, Joel Goldenfum, Bernard Chocat, Urban Water Cycle Processes and Interactions, 2014
Jiri Marsalek, Blanca Jiménez-Cisneros, Mohammad Karamouz, Per-Arne Malmquist, Joel Goldenfum, Bernard Chocat
CSOs are caused by excessive inflows of stormwater into the sewer system, so any measure discussed in the preceding section for reducing stormwater runoff and its inflow into combined sewers would also help abate CSOs. Such helpful measures include all lot-level measures, infiltration measures (pits, trenches, basins, porous structures) and porous pavements (Urbonas, 1994). The mitigation of actual overflows is accomplished by various forms of flow storage and treatment; flow storage serves to balance CSO discharges, which may be returned to the treatment plant after the storm, when flows have subsided below the plant capacity (Marsalek et al., 1993).
Management of Stormwater and Combined Sewer Overflows
Published in Syed R. Qasim, Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2017
The discharge of stormwater runoff and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) has resulted in contamination problems that have often prevented the attainment of water quality standards in many receiving waters. The contaminants found in stormwater and CSOs include bacteria, solids, BOD, nutrients, metals, pesticides, and other potentially toxic constituents. Yet contaminants are discharged during rainfall in many older towns in the United States. This problem is more serious in other countries where separate collection systems are not provided.
Ecosensitive approaches to managing urban aquatic habitats and their integration with urban infrastructure
Published in Iwona Wagner, Jiri Marsalek, Pascal Breil, Aquatic Habitats in Sustainable Urban Water Management, 2014
Jiri Marsalek, Diederik Rousseau, Peter Van Der Steen, Sophie Bourguès, Matt Francey
Combined Sewage Overflows (CSOs) are caused by excessive inflows of stormwater into the sewer system, so any measure reducing stormwater runoff and its inflow into combined sewers would also help abate CSOs. The control of overflows is accomplished by various forms of flow storage and treatment; flow storage serves to balance CSO discharges, which may be returned to the treatment plant after the storm, when flows have subsided below the plant capacity (Marsalek et al., 1993).
A scoping review on Water Sensitive Urban Design aims and achievements
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2022
Samira Rashetnia, Ashok K Sharma, Anthony R Ladson, Dale Browne, Ehsan Yaghoubi
In some European and American cities, a Combined Sewer System (CSSs) conveys both stormwater and sanitary sewage through a common pipe sewer system (US EPA 2014). During a light to moderate rainfall or in a dry weather, the CSS is able to convey all flows, however, during heavy rainfall periods, the capacity of the CSS may be exceeded. Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) cause spills of domestic sewage and stormwater from a combined sewerage system due to heavy rainfalls and is one of the major problems in many big cities. CSOs are highlighted as a contaminant source to natural streams and rivers as they contribute to nutrients, chemicals, organic issues, microbial pathogens, and suspended solids in receiving waters (Tibbets 2005; US EPA 2014). To reduce the impact of CSOs on receiving waters, several types of stormwater management tools and strategies including WSUD approaches have been applied, mainly for reducing runoff volumes and improving stormwater quality (Gasperi et al. 2012; Talebi 2014).
Modeling chlorine-produced oxidant demand and dilution in chlorinated combined sewer overflow discharges
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Austin Taterka, Robert Miskewitz, Robert R. Sharp, Jurek Patoczka
CSO discharges occur when wastewater influent flow exceeds the capacity of a combined sewer system wastewater treatment plant.[1] The excess untreated stormwater runoff and wastewater is discharged to surface waters.[2] A prior study determined that untreated wastewater comprises 4 – 39% of CSO water, while the remaining volume contains stormwater runoff.[3] Discharges of untreated CSO water diminishes receiving water quality by introducing a wide range of pollutants, including several pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts, that threaten public health.[1] A comparison of the key pollutant concentrations in CSO water as well as other pollutant sources is presented in Table 1. As depicted, typical concentrations of key CSO water pollutants are between the ranges encountered in urban runoff and treated wastewater.
Erosion and deposition
Published in Journal of Urban Design, 2020
Frederick Steiner, Laurel McSherry
The plan led to the city of Philadelphia entering into an agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2012. The Clean Water Act empowers the EPA to regulate combined sewer overflows (CSOs) when they damage the health of urban streams and water sources. Philadelphia was not the first U.S. city to enter into such an agreement. CSO issues are common in communities throughout the postindustrial Northeast, where ageing stormwater infrastructure and a proliferation of impervious surfaces can overwhelm municipal water utilities. But what set Philadelphia’s response apart from its predecessors was its focus on addressing the city’s CSO problem by investing in a distributed network of green infrastructure as promoted by GreenPlan Philadelphia. This approach was engendered by the city’s strong culture of community organizing by environmental non-profits and the precedent of Anne Whiston Spirn’s work (1984) with the Mill Creek community in West Philadelphia (see Steiner et al., 2019).