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Utility Grid with Hybrid Energy System
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Hybrid Power, 2021
According to Mills [43], it is anticipated that some developing countries will build concentrated solar power (CSP) plants as well as new coal-fired units; they may already operate the latter. Thus, there are a significant number of potential sites, both existing and newly built, in countries that benefit from a good supply of solar energy [43]. The incorporation of solar energy into an existing coal-fired power station has the potential to increase overall plant efficiency, reduce coal demand and CO2 emissions, plus minimize the problem of solar power’s variability. At night, or when solar intensity is low, the output from the coal plant can be increased accordingly, allowing the combination to operate on an uninterrupted basis, 24 hours a day. When adequate solar intensity resumes, the coal plant can be ramped down once again. Alternatively, the increased steam flow produced by the solar boiler can be fed through the existing steam turbine, boosting output (so-called “solar boost”). This method of incorporating solar energy will cost less than an equivalent stand-alone CSP plant as many of the systems and infrastructure of the coal plant, such as steam turbine and grid connection, are already in place. A stand-alone plant requires all such systems in order to function. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) from a coal–solar hybrid will be lower than that of a stand-alone CSP plant and be able to compete with that produced by PV systems [41,43].
The cost of nuclear power
Published in Kenneth Jay, Nuclear Power, 2019
The figure just given, of £45 a kilowatt, is typical of the capital cost for a large modern coal-fired power station. It is much smaller than the corresponding figure for a present-day nuclear station—for example the capital cost of Hinkley Point, the fourth of the civil nuclear stations being built in Great Britain, is about £135 a kilowatt (excluding the first fuel charge but including charges for site development and transmission). Nuclear power stations cost so much more principally because nuclear reactors, and the heat-exchangers that go with them, are more complicated and therefore more expensive than coal-fired furnaces and boilers. That is to say, the plant for extracting heat energy from nuclear fuel and transferring it to water is much more expensive than the corresponding plant for coal or oil fuel. The plant for converting the heat energy into electrical energy, that is the turbines and generators (often called the ‘conventional’ part of the station), also costs more when nuclear fuel is used because generally such plant is rather more bulky owing to poorer steam conditions. However, the difference is not great; the nuclear part of the installation—the reactors and far-from-ordinary heat-exchangers—account for the greater part of the difference between the capital cost of nuclear and that of ordinary power stations.
Select Environmental Engineering Applications
Published in Theodore Louis, Behan Kelly, Introduction to Optimization for Environmental and Chemical Engineers, 2018
Improvements continue to be made in conventional power station design, and new combustion technologies are being developed. These allow more electricity to be produced from less coal – known as optimizing the thermal efficiency. Efficiency gains in electricity generation from coal-fired power stations also result in a reduction of harmful emissions. Optimizing the performance of coal-fired power plants has been the focus of considerable efforts by the coal industry because of problems associated with waste disposal, including siting a disposal facility, transporting the waste, and costs associated with implementation and operations.
Analysis and performance assessment of coal-fired based integrated energy system for multigeneration
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Mehmet Tontu, Besir Sahin, Mehmet Bilgili
In this analysis, real data collected from the steam power plant operating at the highest power output of 660 MW were considered. This coal-fired power station was built in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region and have been actively operating for 15 years. Imported bituminous coal is consumed as the main fuel, and it is shipped from various countries to provide the utmost energy input rate. The steam generator is defined as a single-pass tower type boiler including several heating packages. The plant is composed of various pumps, steam generator, four axial steam turbines, seawater-cooled condensers, feedwater and condensate pre-heaters, flue gas desulfurization plant and electrostatic dust filter. The operating features of the steam power plant are presented in Table 1.
Reconstruction of Temperature Field in Coal-fired Boiler Based on Limited Flame Image Information
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
Tao Wang, Chen Peng, Yusen Gang
The basic requirement of coal-fired power station combustion is to establish and maintain a stable and uniform combustion flame in the furnace. If the flame is poorly regulated or the flame is unstable, the combustion efficiency will be reduced and some additional pollutants will be produced. If the situation is serious, it may even lead to fire fighting in the furnace of the power station boiler, furnace explosion and other accidents (Yan et al. 2017). Therefore, the distribution of the temperature field in the furnace is an important variable to ensure the safety and stability of the system. In the previous study on pulverized coal boiler, the input regulation of pulverized coal boiler combustion system is usually optimized through the change of steam pressure or the detection of flue gas content or the content of CO, nitrogen oxide and other parameters (Zhao and Li 2017). However, if these variables are used as input control parameters, the reaction time delay is too long compared with the combustion reaction time. Therefore, in order to better and faster obtain the change between the boiler system input and output, it is necessary to reconstruct the distribution of combustion field in the boiler.
Sound absorbing porous concretes composed of different solid wastes
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2020
Celia Arenas, José D. Ríos, Héctor Cifuentes, Luis F. Vilches, Carlos Leiva
Bottom ashes are agglomerated ash particles. Bottom and fly ashes are the non-combustible part of coal that is obtained in a coal-fired power station. Bottom ashes are particles of greater size than fly ashes and are obtained in a hopper at the bottom of the furnaces of power stations. Physically, bottom ash is typically grey to black in color, with grain sizes ranging from fine sand to fine gravel. It is rather angular and has a porous surface structure. It can be generated in various processes such as coal combustion, pet coke-coal co-combustion, gasification, biomass combustion and municipal solid waste incineration. There are no official sources on the amount of bottom ashes produced in Europe; nonetheless, in the EU-15 European Union, the production of bottom ash in 2016 was about 4,000 kilotons, according to the European Coal Combustion Products Association (ECOBA). Although bottom ash is recycled in several applications, its utilization rate only reached 46% in 2016, while the rest was deposited in landfills (ECOBA, 2019).