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Chlorine Dioxide and the Small Drinking Water System
Published in Joseph A. Cotruvo, Gunther F. Craun, Nancy Hearne, Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems, 2019
Excess chlorite ion can be removed from treated water, if deemed necessary, using ferrous compounds or sulfites. Interconversion among oxychlorine species in water is facile because of the close spacing of the energy levels of the numerous oxychlorine species.
Rock Forming Minerals
Published in Aurèle Parriaux, Geology, 2018
Chlorite is a mineral formed by hydrothermal alteration of other ferromagnesian silicates (biotite, pyroxenes, amphiboles). It is an essential constituent of certain low temperature and pressure metamorphic rocks (chlorite schists).
Rock Forming Minerals
Published in Aurèle Parriaux, Geology, 2018
Chlorite is a mineral formed by hydrothermal alteration of other ferromagnesian silicates (biotite, pyroxenes, amphiboles). It is an essential constituent of certain low temperature and pressure metamorphic rocks (chlorite schists).
Acetaminophen degradation in aqueous solution by the UV-LED-EC/Cl2 process
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Na Sun, Xianglian Wang, Zhanmeng Liu
Free chlorine (elemental chlorine/hypochlorite/chlorite/chlorate/perchlorate, Cl2/ClO−///) and total chlorine were analysed using the N,N′-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine method with a Hach chlorine detector at a detection range of 0.02–2.00 mg/L Cl2. Inorganic anions were analysed by ion chromatography (ICS-1100, Dionex) equipped with an AS19 chromatographic column. Solution conductivity was measured with a conductivity meter (DDS-11A, Shanghai Leici Instrument Inc., Shanghai, China). Potassium Iodide-Iodate actinometry was used to determine UV light intensity according to Kheyrandish et al. [19]. AAP concentration was determined by using an Agilent 1100 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Agilent Technology, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with Agilent AQ-C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm). The degradation intermediates of AAP was identified by a UPLC system (Waters Alliance 2695, Milford, MA, USA) coupled with a Micromass Quattro Micro API mass spectrometer (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) equipped with electrospray ionization.
Use of Ultrafine Mafic Rocks for the Enhancement of Carbonation Reaction in Lime Renders
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2020
Loucas Kyriakou, Ioannis Rigopoulos, Ioannis Ioannou
The addition of ultrafine basalt did not cause any improvement in the compressive strength after 28 curing days. Furthermore, the compressive strength of the samples tested after 90 days of casting was even lower than the compressive strength of the reference samples (Figure 6b). This is probably attributed to the significant amount of volcanic glass (~30%) in the basaltic sample, which has been devitrified into secondary hydrous minerals (mainly chlorite). Chlorite is a soft mineral, which belongs to the phyllosilicate subclass of minerals. According to Rigopoulos et al. (2010), the amount of chlorite in mafic rocks is positively correlated with the water absorption and total porosity values; this is attributed to the fact that chlorite crystals absorb water within the layers of their structure and generally lower the coherence of rocks. Therefore, the abundance of this mineral in the olivine basalt sample can explain the deterioration of the compressive strength in the composites containing basaltic nano-additive. The relatively high degree of weathering of the olivine basalt sample (see Section 2.1) could be an additional reason for this reduction in compressive strength.
Logging evaluation of total organic carbon and analysis of influencing factors in source rock of Zhu III sub-basin, Pearl river mouth basin, China
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2022
Rongqian Zhao, Shijia Chen, Zhitong He
The composition difference of clay minerals leads to the difference in the distribution of argillaceous types and content, which have an important effect on the physical properties and reservoir properties of rock strata. Different types of clay minerals have different compositions, structures and physical properties (Shi et al. 2010). X-ray diffraction data of clay minerals show that the main types of clay minerals in the Enping Formation of Wenchang A depression include montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite-montmorillonite mixed layer. Montmorillonite is characterized by high dispersion, and it is easier to accumulate closely in pore space, resulting in a serious decrease in porosity (Zhang et al. 2012). Although the intercrystalline micropores of illite contribute a little to pore space, they destroy other effective pores and reduce pore-throat connectivity to a large extent, affecting the overall physical properties of reservoirs (Robert and Linda 2010). Loose kaolinite aggregates can provide many intercrystalline micropores, expand pore space, and improve reservoir physical properties (Ehrenberg 1993). However, due to the loose intercrystalline structure, fluid erosion will make it migrate and block the pore throat. On the one hand, chlorite hinders the further reaction of pore water and particles, effectively limits the secondary overgrowth of quartz, and is conducive to the preservation of primary intergranular pores (Anjos, De Ros, and Silva 2003). But when the chlorite content is too high, it will occupy intergranular pores (Anna, Susanne, and Peter 2009). Increasing the content of the illite-montmorillonite mixed layer will decrease porosity. Figure 13a and Table 5 confirm that there are significant differences in the relative contents of four clay minerals in each well of the Wenchang A depression. In the same depth range, the corresponding acoustic interval transit time also shows different trends with the increase of depth (Figure 13b).