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The Building Structure/Saving Money
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo, Energy Conservation Guidebook, 2020
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo
Heat loss may be greatly reduced just by sealing cracks between materials. Sealing cracks causes air infiltration to be reduced. Commonly, air infiltration occurs between the outside frame of a window or door and the wall around it. Expansion and contraction of buildings causes the cracks to become larger as the building gets older. A flexible sealant should be used to seal these cracks. Caulking should not be used because it tends to become brittle and break. It is easy to find areas where heat loss occurs on a cold day. On a cold, windy day the infiltration of air can be felt by placing your hand near any opening.
State of art review on the incorporation of fibres in asphalt pavements
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2023
Shenghua Wu, Ara Haji, Ian Adkins
Asphalt is also one of mankind’s oldest engineering materials. Its adhesive and waterproofing properties have been known since early civilisation. It was used by a thriving shipbuilding industry in Samaria around 6000 BC. As early as 2600 BC, Egyptians used native asphalts for waterproofing, mummification and building structures. Naturally occurring asphalts are used as a mortar for building and paving blocks, caulking for ships and numerous waterproofing applications (Brown et al., 2009). The first sheet-asphalt pavement was laid on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C. in 1876, which used the natural asphalt from Trinidad lake (Huang, 2004), and modern petroleum asphalt was developed in the early 1900s. The popularity of automobiles led to large quantities of petroleum asphalt being processed by the oil companies. It was not until the early 1960s that fibres were introduced in hot mix asphalt (HMA). Fibres were added as an effective solution to ‘hold’ asphalt in the asphalt mixture that has high asphalt content, to avoid asphalt draining down to the bottom of the truck during HMA delivery (Landi et al., 2020; Serfass & Samanos, 1996).
Wave propagation analysis of porous asphalts on account of memory responses
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2021
In the modern sense of the word, asphalt is a derivative of petroleum and was first used more than 5000 years ago when it was recognized that the higher boiling (non-volatile under the conditions of use) derivatives of petroleum (asphalt) could be used for caulking, water proofing, adhesives for jewelry, and as a mastic for construction purposes. Asphalt is produced in a variety of types and grades ranging from hard brittle solids to near water-thin liquids. The semi-solid form, known as asphalt cement, is the basic material used in asphalt concrete pavements. Liquid asphalt is produced when asphalt cement is blended (cut back) with petroleum-derived distillates or emulsified with water and an emulsifying agent. Liquid asphalt products may be produced for various uses and applications (Speight 2016; Behrouz et al. 2019).
A brief review of sealants for cement concrete pavement joints and cracks
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2021
Lu Lu, Deying Zhao, Jizhou Fan, Guoqiang Li
Joints are designed and intentionally created in cement concrete pavement so that random premature cracks due to temperature or moisture changes can be minimised, controlled and managed. Therefore, although not universally accepted to seal all cracks/joints, sealing active joints/cracks (joints/cracks widen/narrow daily or seasonably), is widely acknowledged as a means to extend the pavement service life. The purposes of sealing joints/cracks are (1) to prevent obstruction of incompressible materials into the reservoir; (2) to reduce the amount of water infiltrating the pavement structure; and (3) to decrease the potential for dowel bar corrosion by reducing entrance of de-icing chemicals. A wide variety of caulking and sealant materials with different properties are available today for sealing cement concrete pavement joints and cracks. They are based on different reagents and/or formulations, meeting governmental and/or ASTM standards for consumers and contractors.