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Erosion and Sediment Control: Vegetative Techniques
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Soils and Terrestrial Systems, 2020
Buffer strips at lower elevations of fields (Figure 4) and Riparian strips along stream banks, ponds, and lakes (Figure 5), intercept surface runoff water from crop fields. Buffer strips may constitute ordinary grassed fencerows or strips of grasses, shrubs, and trees lining hillsides or banks of rivers. Runoff water must flow in a shallow, even layer across the buffer strip to remove sediments. Most common grasses used in buffer strips are Bluestem and Indiangrass. Riparian strips are planted so that surface and subsurface runoff must filter through them before it reaches a pond, lake, or stream.[1] The body of water can be permanent or temporary. Riparian strips can also be placed next to wetlands, such as marshy or swampy areas, and additional vegetation can be placed uphill if excessive amounts of sediments enter the waters.
The Creams Model for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Buffer Strips in Reducing Sediment Loads to Wetlands
Published in George Mulamoottil, Barry G. Warner, Edward A. McBean, Wetlands, 2017
K. J. McKague, Y. Z. Cao, D. E. Stephenson
Buffer strips can be defined as bands of planted or indigenous vegetation situated between pollutant source areas and receiving waters. Other names given to buffer strips include vegetated strips or vegetative filter strips, grass strips, buffer zones, grass buffer strips, and riparian plantings. Traditionally, buffer strips have been located immediately adjacent to watercourses. More recently, however, they have been suggested for use in a variety of other settings, such as along the lower boundary of agricultural fields or animal production facilities. By placing the buffer strips close to the pollutant source area, they provide localized erosion protection and filter out pollutants before runoff water begins to concentrate into flow pathways (Dillaha et al., 1989).
Combating Strategies
Published in Ajai, Rimjhim Bhatnagar, Desertification and Land Degradation, 2022
As no conservation measure is complete in itself, buffer strips can provide economic and environmental sustainability to farmers when it is used in conjunction with other effective farm management practices like crop residue management, integrated pest management, etc.
Phytoremediation of azoxystrobin and imidacloprid by wetland plant species Juncus effusus, Pontederia cordata and Sagittaria latifolia
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2022
Alayne M. McKnight, Travis W. Gannon, Fred Yelverton
Pesticides moving from their intended areas, or off-target movement, can be mitigated by best management practices such as monitoring weather patterns before and after application treatments, adjusting sprayer carrier volume (Liu et al.2017), assessing soil volumetric water content, exchanging nozzle type (Ferguson et al.2016), and incorporating soil binding surfactants and slow-release pesticide formulations (Chevillard et al.2012). Another line of defense is constructed wetlands and vegetative buffer strips, which have been found to be a low-cost, low-maintenance, and efficient solution to other pollution problems such as industrial wastewater and landfill leachate (Vymazal 2014). Constructed wetlands and vegetative buffer strips are physical barriers made of plant species established between a treated area and a sensitive aquatic area to combat pesticide, nutrient, and erosion runoff. These systems are comprised of three main components that function in unison: soil, vegetation, and microbial communities. With increasing organic material within these aquatic systems, pesticides have additional binding sites and are less likely to move (Rai 2008). Studies have shown constructed wetlands are most successful in removing organochlorine, strobilurin/strobin, organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides, and least successful removing triazinone, aryloxyalkanoic and urea pesticide groups (Vymazal and Březinová 2015).
Phytoremediation potential of three terrestrial plant species for removal of atrazine, azoxystrobin, and imidacloprid
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2022
Alayne M. McKnight, Travis W. Gannon, Fred Yelverton
While many of these events are accidental and difficult to retract, pesticide contamination to water bodies is reduced through best management strategies such as assessing soil type and topography, and monitoring weather patterns before and after application (Gaonkar et al. 2016). Another efficient and feasible mitigation practice to reduce pesticide off-target movement is the addition of vegetative buffer strips or constructed wetlands between the pesticide-treated area and sensitive off-target area (Moore et al. 2002). Vegetative buffer strips are typically a high-density planted area with varying plant species with the purpose to slow the surface and subsurface flow of water from a pesticide and/or nutrient treated area and function as a barrier to prevent contaminated water and soil from reaching water sources (Saleh et al. 2018). As water moves downhill, above-ground vegetation slows lateral movement and allows water to infiltrate soil where the subsurface water meets roots and can be absorbed by the root system (Syversen and Bechmann 2004). Franco and Matamoros (2016) reported, vegetative filter strips decreased the amount of herbicide runoff and decrease their effects on phytoplankton by 99%.