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Modern Energy Recovery from Renewable Landfill or Bio-Covers of Landfills
Published in Sunil Kumar, Zengqiang Zhang, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, Ronghua Li, Biological Processing of Solid Waste, 2019
Rena, Gautam Pratibha, Sunil Kumar
There are different types of municipal solid landfill, including: Secure landfill: Secure landfills are designed for hazardous solid waste. A secure landfill is a type of engineered landfill that is constructed to reduce the amount of leachate and minimize the potential for environment damage.Mono-fill landfill: This is a type of landfill in which there is disposal of ash, C&D waste, and yard waste.Renewable landfill: This is a type of landfill from which materials like glass, plastics, and other combustible materials and possible compost can be recovered. The site undergoes a lengthy stabilization period but it is very much different from the normal dried pile of waste.Bioreactor landfill: This is a type of waste treatment landfill that is equipped with technology that accelerates the decomposition of organic waste. It also reduces the leachate disposal cost.
Electrical resistivity of municipal solid waste (MSW)
Published in Sahadat Hossain, Golam Kibria, Sadik Khan, Site Investigation using Resistivity Imaging, 2018
Sahadat Hossain, Golam Kibria, Sadik Khan
In the mid-1970s, Pohland (1975) proposed the idea of enhancing waste decomposition by recirculating the leachate and/or adding water. Additional moisture stimulates microbial activity by providing better contact between insoluble substrates, soluble nutrients, and microorganisms (Barlaz et al., 1990). As a result, decomposition and biological stabilization of MSW can be reduced to years, as compared to decades, for traditional dry landfills. The fundamental aspect of the operation of a bioreactor landfill is the controlled addition of water and/or the recirculation of the generated leachate back into the landfill’s waste mass. Several studies have pointed out the potential benefits of the bioreactor landfill approach (Barlaz et al., 1990; Reinhart and Townsend, 1998; Pacey, 1999; Warith, 2002), which include (1) increased rate of settlement of MSW which results in increasing the landfill’s capacity, (2) increased rate of landfill gas production for energy recovery projects, (3) stabilization of waste in a shorter period of time, reduction of the post-closure monitoring costs, and (4) reduction of leachate treatment and disposal costs. As a result of these benefits, there has been an increasing trend to operate landfills as bioreactor landfills, particularly in areas where landfill space is an important issue.
Introduction
Published in Debra R. Reinhart, Timothy G. Townsend, Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation, 2018
Debra R. Reinhart, Timothy G. Townsend
While disposal solely of inert materials may be an admirable objective, it will be some time, if ever, before this concept can be universally applied. Therefore, it is likely that landfills will continue to receive a variety of materials with potential for environmental impact. A second global consensus is that where leachable materials are land disposed, impenetrable barriers must be provided and waste stabilization must be enhanced and accelerated so as to occur within the life of these barriers. That is, the landfill must be designed and operated as a bioreactor. Additional advantages of the bioreactor landfill include increased gas production rates over a shorter duration, improved leachate quality, and more rapid landfill settlement.
Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from shallow windrow piles for biostabilisation of municipal solid waste
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2021
Komsilp Wangyao, Noppharit Sutthasil, Chart Chiemchaisri
The moisture content from fresh waste, waste at an age of two months, waste at an age of six months, and waste at an age of 16 months were 77.3%, 77.2%, 57.3%, and 42.3%, respectively. Moisture content is one of the important factors which affect the biodegradation process. High moisture content impedes microbial activities favoring anaerobic conditions because water-filled pore limits oxygen transfer into the waste layer. This phenomenon leads to high CH4 emission potential. On the other hand, low moisture content slows down microbial activity resulting in a decreased gas generation rate. The previous study reported that the k value from the bioreactor landfill, described as the liquid additional landfill or wet landfill, is greater than that from a conventional landfill (Mou, Scheutz, and Kjeldsen 2015). High moisture landfills promoted methane production as suggested in terms of k value of 0.21–0.47 yr−1 while it was 0.02–0.05 yr−1 for dry/conventional landfills (Kim and Townsend 2012). Ishigaki et al. (2008) reported a k value of 0.51 yr−1 for high organic content landfills in tropical climates. Moreover, Sormunen et al. (2008) found the GHG from landfills with high organic waste was several times greater than those with low organic waste.
Zinc leaching behavior in semi-aerobic landfill
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
The moisture content of the refuse was adjusted to 75% by adding tap water to the bioreactor landfill after loading to ensure the high microbe activity [19]. Leachates were collected and stored in tanks. The leachates from R1 and R2 were discarded after sampling without further treatment, while the leachate from R3 was collected and continuously recirculated back into the simulated landfill through the top cover layer every 2 days. The recirculation flow rate was adjusted according to the leachate volume generated using a peristaltic pump.
Experimental simulation and fuzzy modelling of landfill biogas production from low-biodegradable MBT waste under leachate recirculation
Published in Environmental Technology, 2018
Martina Di Addario, Bernardo Ruggeri
To move towards the concept of sustainable landfilling, where no environmental problems will affect further generations, different complementary technologies should be combined in an integrated view [5,6,15]. One option to optimize MSW biodegradation and biogas production could be the combination of pretreatments with moisture control inside the landfill [9]. Low-organic waste coming from MBT is characterized by low MC, which can be increased through leachate recirculation in an anaerobic bioreactor landfill (BRL). Indeed, conventional landfills, where raw MSW is disposed of, are clearly unsustainable. The common practice of sealing the waste revealed to be only a postponed problem, due to long-term emissions, which may last for centuries [16]. Leachate recirculation in the BRL is a valid alternative to conventional ‘dry tomb’ landfill. Instead of isolating the waste in a closed system with low degradation rates (30–50 years), moisture increase obtained through leachate recirculation can accelerate the biological activity and stabilize the organic waste in reduced times (5–10 years) [17]. Pommier et al. [18] affirm that the water content of MSW highly affects the methanization process inside a landfill, by increasing both the specific microbial growth rate and the bioavailability of the solid substrate. The main interest in controlled anaerobic BRLs is to accelerate biogas production and reduce the time for leachate and biogas treatments, thus increasing energy recovery and minimizing the after-care period [19]. Although the construction of BRLs requires additional operations compared to conventional landfills, the major initial investment and running costs related to the liquid recirculation system can be offset by several economic benefits arising from the management of the BRL, that is, the sale of electrical energy from biogas and lower costs for treatment and disposal of lower volumes of leachate [20].