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Investigating forms and formwork in the nave aisles at Tewkesbury Abbey
Published in João Mascarenhas-Mateus, Ana Paula Pires, Manuel Marques Caiado, Ivo Veiga, History of Construction Cultures, 2021
J. Hillson, A. Buchanan, N. Webb
On the window side webs of bay N8 at Tewkesbury, the lower set of courses are laid diagonally, following a curved path extending from wall rib to diagonal (Figure 6). In the northwest cell of webbing, this continues for 14 layers (see (a) on Figure 6), after which a new set of horizontal courses is laid with a slight curvature (b). The first six extend from the curved ridge rib to the edge of section below, but the subsequent three layers are raked back, producing a stepped masonry break. The gap between these coursings and the diagonal rib are filled by a further three courses, laid at a slanting angle and resting on the exposed faces of the horizontal courses below (c). The horizontal courses then resume and the pattern repeats, the masons having alternated between horizontal and diagonal courses until the remaining space between the ribs was knitted together (d). This approach was used for almost all of the nave aisle vault at Tewkesbury, with minor variations from bay to bay. In some bays, the uppermost sets of diagonal courses were omitted, the top set of horizontal layers instead resting directly on the vault’s diagonal ribs. Similarly, in bay S12 the beginning of the horizontal courses is much closer to the springing point than in the other bays, creating a haggled edge to the masonry where it abuts the wall ribs. Rather than adopting a uniform method of construction, the builders of these vaults adopted a shared body of principles that could be variously mixed, matched, omitted or repurposed to suit the peculiar demands presented by each bay.
Pallet Order-Fulfillment Operations
Published in David E. Mulcahy, John P. Dieltz, Order-Fulfillment and Across-the-Dock Concepts, Design, and Operations Handbook, 2003
David E. Mulcahy, John P. Dieltz
In a pallet order-fulfillment facility, the standard pallet-rack method is designed as single rack rows or back-to-back rack rows. The pallet load position utilization factor is 85%. With access to all pallet positions, the pallet load rotation is first-in, first-out (FIFO) and it handles a medium to high volume. Whenever possible, all building columns and fire sprinklers are located in the flue space (8 to 12 inches open space) between back-to-back rack rows or wall. If required the building column is designed in a rack bay to occupy one pallet position in the rack bay but not in the aisle. With an aisle between each rack row, most conventional standard rack layouts have low density but excellent pallet accessibility.
Vision and Illumination
Published in Stephan Konz, Steven Johnson, Work Design, 2018
In a warehouse, items are stored on racks with long, narrow access aisles. The visual requirement is on the vertical plane (box sides) rather than the horizontal plane. If the stacking height is less than aisle width, treat the area as an open bay rather than a warehouse aisle.
Probabilistic capacity model and fragility estimates for composite floor systems subjected to column loss
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2018
Yang Ding, Xiaoran Song, Hai-Tao Zhu
Progressive collapse resistance capacity also depends on the column loss scenarios. Because most of the buildings have more than one bay in each direction, the structural capacity benefits from the slab continuity provided by the adjoining bays. Generally, composite floor systems are more vulnerable to collapse due to the loss of perimeter columns, where slab continuity effect cannot be provided along all the edges of the bays. Considering the locations of the steel columns subjected to column loss, four typical scenarios are considered: internal column failure, penultimate column failure, near-penultimate column failure and corner column failure. Therefore, the plan layout for the experiment designs of the composite floor is taken as 4 × 4 bay in this study, as shown in Figure 1. The layout represents the portion of the steel gravity frame of a prototype building (Main, 2014) and covers the four column removal cases considered.