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Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts
Published in Ian Watson, Alister D. Burnett, Hydrology, 2017
Ian Watson, Alister D. Burnett
Pressure tunnels are engineered aqueduct conduits used to convey water under a pressure head. The head in question is most often imposed by the difference in elevation between a storage-reservoir level and the outflow end of the tunnel (Figure 2-8). However, as will be seen, in spite of the relatively simple principle governing pressure tunnels and the flow through aqueducts in general, economics and geologic difficulties combine to contribute to relatively complicated designs. The key factor governing the overall design of an aqueduct system relates to the economic need for maintaining gravity flow throughout the system and thus eliminating (costly) pumping.
Influence of Fluid–Structure Interaction on Seismic Performance Improvement of Historical Masonry Aqueducts
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2023
Alemdar Bayraktar, Emin Hökelekli, Mehmet Akköse
The water need of the settlements has been one of the most important problem since the beginning of the human being. To convey water from one location to another, aqueducts were used in the past to exceed obstacles such as valleys on the way of water streams. Aqueducts take water from a clean reservoir and use gravity to transport it to a city. Worldwide, there are many historical aqueduct structures that are considered as invaluable cultural heritage (de Feo et al. (2013)). Historical aqueducts were mostly constructed as masonry with brick or stone materials or brick-stone composite (see Figure 1). Masonry aqueducts are thin-walled high structures. Transverse rigidity of them is weak under dynamic loads, and their behaviors are similar to railway and highway masonry high arch bridges (Armstrong et al. (1995), Casolo (1999), Fanning, Boothby, and Roberts (2001), Erdogmus and Boothby (2004), Rota et al. (2005), Zampieri et al. (2015), Da Porto et al. (2016), Sarhosis, De Santis, and De Felice (2016), Pulatsu, Erdogmus, and Lourenço (2019), Bayraktar, Türker, and Altunışık (2015), (2020a)), Edri, Yankelevsky, and Rabinovitch (2019), Bayraktar and Hökelekli (2020b; 2020c)).